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Phylogeography reveals complex historical processes and different evolutionarily significant units in Aegla scamosa freshwater crabs

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Abstract

Phylogeographic research is able to identify previously unrecognized units of biodiversity. The aeglid Aegla scamosa is a species that inhabits the Desaguadero basin waterbodies in southern South America. Crabs of the family Aeglidae are especially sensitive to changes in their environment since they have restricted distributions. The aims of our study were to characterize the phylogeography of A. scamosa across its distributional range in Argentina and to identify evolutionarily significant units from these phylogeographic data. We used mitochondrial DNA, nuclear intron, and microsatellite DNA markers to study the genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeography of the species. Our results indicate that A. scamosa populations are genetically structured in the analyzed sub-basins and that the species comprises at least two independent evolutionarily units: one corresponding to the “North” clade and another coinciding with the “South” clade. We also found a presumptive discrepancy between the information provided by nuclear and mitochondrial markers, that tell different evolutionary stories. Our results highlight the importance of carrying out this kind of study in freshwater fauna, since they may be hiding different evolutionarily significant units as in the case of A. scamosa. The evolutionary complexity of this species should not be ignored in future conservation studies.

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Data availability

Molecular data used in this work were submitted to GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Nuclear intron and mitochondrial gene sequences will be available in the repository, using the access codes MW451770-MW452083. The partial sequences of the genomes used for microsatellite design are found under accession numbers: MN027599; MN027898 (A. platensis) and JF693281.1; JF693283.1; JF693284.1; JF693289.1; JF693280.1; JF693280.1; JF693280.1 (A. araucaniensis).

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

Gisela Loretán is a fellow of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) from Argentina. We are grateful to FonCyT-ANCyP (Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica—Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica), PICT 2014-3502, for funding this research. We also thank the Computational Biology Institute (The George Washington University) and his Director Dr. Crandall for allowing us to carry out part of this work and for his predisposition and human support.

Funding

FonCyT-ANCyP (Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica—Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica), PICT Proyect 2014-3502. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), in charge of financing salaries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP 3000, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina

    Gisela Loretán, Federico Giri, Juan Manuel Cabrera & Pablo Agustín Collins

  2. Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FHUC-UNL, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina

    Gisela Loretán, Federico Giri, Florencia Coronel & Eva Carolina Rueda

  3. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052-0066, USA

    Marcos Pérez-Losada

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  1. Gisela Loretán
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Supplementary file1 Fig. 7 Connectivity of streams graphic. (JPG 7 KB)

Supplementary file2 Fig. 8 Graphic of the mantel test among COII FST values and geographic distances. (TIFF 5311 KB)

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Supplementary file3 Fig. 9 Graphic of the mantel test among EFα1 intron FST values and geographic distances. (TIFF 5311 KB)

Supplementary file4 Fig. 10 Graphic of the mantel test among COII and nuclear distances FST’s (TIFF 5311 KB)

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Supplementary file5 Fig. 11 Graphic of the mantel test among microsatellites FST values and geographic distances. (TIFF 5311 KB)

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Supplementary file6 Fig. 12 Micro mantel correlations (Iglesia-Rodeo-Aguas Negras-Cuesta del Viento populations) among COII FST values and geographic distances. (TIFF 5311 KB)

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Supplementary file7 Fig. 13 Micro mantel correlations (Iglesia-Rodeo-Aguas Negras-Cuesta del Viento populations) among EFα1 intron FST values and geographic distances. (TIFF 5311 KB)

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Supplementary file8 Fig. 14 Micro mantel correlations (Iglesia-Rodeo-Aguas Negras-Cuesta del Viento populations) among COII and nuclear distances FST’s (TIFF 5311 KB)

Supplementary file9 Fig. 15 Haplotype network for all sub-basins´ specimens with COII y Efα1 information. (TIF 252 KB)

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Loretán, G., Giri, F., Cabrera, J.M. et al. Phylogeography reveals complex historical processes and different evolutionarily significant units in Aegla scamosa freshwater crabs. Hydrobiologia 850, 3627–3644 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05264-w

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