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Tropical macrophytes promote phytoplankton community shifts in lake mesocosms: relevance for lake restoration in warm climates

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Abstract

Macrophytes can be crucial for maintaining clear water conditions in temperate shallow lakes. However, their restorative potential and role in regulating phytoplankton remains uncertain in tropical lakes. We investigated the effects of emergent (Ludwigia adscendens and Persicaria barbata) and submerged (Vallisneria spiralis) macrophytes on the phytoplankton community of a turbid tropical reservoir. Through two in situ mesocosm experiments (~ 1000 l capacity) lasting 4 weeks, we (1) determined the effects of macrophyte density on phytoplankton biomass and composition, and (2) compared these effects between emergent and submerged macrophytes. In Experiment 1, macrophyte treatments reduced phytoplankton biomass and increased water clarity in a density-dependent manner. Only the ‘high density’ treatment (300 g/m2 emergent and 650 g/m2 submerged macrophytes) induced a taxonomic and functional shift from an initial community dominated by turbid water-adapted filamentous cyanobacteria to one dominated by clear water-adapted green algae and cryptophytes. In Experiment 2, emergent and submerged macrophytes reduced phytoplankton biomass and distinctly altered taxonomic and functional composition, with submerged macrophytes inhibiting Microcystis and stimulating cryptophyte taxa. Our results indicate that macrophytes can induce substantial phytoplankton community shifts in turbid tropical lakes, demonstrating the potential to assist in the reversal from turbid to clear water states during restoration efforts.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the following sources of support for this study: a research grant from PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency (National University of Singapore, Grant No. R-154-000-689-490); and National University of Singapore President’s Graduate Fellowship to D. Z. H. Sim.

Funding

This work was supported by a research grant from PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency (National University of Singapore, Grant No. R-154-000-689-490).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore

    Darren Z. H. Sim, Maxine A. D. Mowe, Yiluan Song, Hugh T. W. Tan & Darren C. J. Yeo

  2. PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency, 40 Scotts Road, Singapore, 228231, Singapore

    Joy Lu

  3. Freshwater and Estuarine Research Group, Environmental Sciences Discipline, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia

    Simon M. Mitrovic

  4. Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University Galveston, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX, 77554, USA

    Daniel L. Roelke

  5. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore, 117377, Singapore

    Darren C. J. Yeo

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by DZHS, MADM and SY. DZHS led the writing of the manuscript and all authors contributed critically to previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Darren C. J. Yeo.

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Sim, D.Z.H., Mowe, M.A.D., Song, Y. et al. Tropical macrophytes promote phytoplankton community shifts in lake mesocosms: relevance for lake restoration in warm climates. Hydrobiologia 848, 4861–4884 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04679-7

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