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Downstream alterations on hydrodynamic fields by hydropower plant operations: implications for upstream fish migration

  • PERSPECTIVES ON SUSTAINABLE HYDRO-POWER
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Abstract

This study identifies hydrodynamic alterations in flow downstream of a dam that are related to hydropower plant (HPP) operation and that might attract Neotropical potamodromous fish to unsafe places in the tailrace during their reproductive migration. Our hypotheses are (1) the hydrodynamic flow in the tailrace presents conditions that are strong attractive for fish than those found in the downstream reach and (2) there are no velocity barriers preventing the upstream migrant from reaching the tailrace over a wide range of turbine discharge. Two calibrated numerical models were created for the Três Marias HPP (Brazil), using different turbine discharges: (1) a three-dimensional (3D) model of flow in the tailrace and (2) a two-dimensional (2D) model for flow in the 3-km reach downstream of the dam. Resulting flow fields of the Três Marias HPP tailrace have elevated hydraulic strain and velocity homogeneity by as compared to the flow field of the downstream reach. The tailrace velocities are slow for mature individuals of all study species, which may swim from downstream reach to unsafe areas in their sustainable and prolonged mode by available corridors for different turbined discharges.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to: the Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG) for supporting Ludmila Mendes with a scholarship, the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) for providing a scholarship to Guilherme Souza, and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brazil (CAPES) for supporting Hersília Santos with a post-doctoral fellowship. In addition, the authors thank Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais (CEMIG) for its financial support through projeto “Comportamento de peixes a jusante de barragens, subsídios para a conservação da Ictiofauna”, the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) through the Projeto Universal (456390/2014-6) and the IIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering (The University of Iowa) for the use of its facilities by Hersília Santos. This study was also partly funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (BEX1845/13-6), Brazil (CAPES), Finance Code 001. The authors are grateful to Itamar Gonçalves and Gilbete Santos for support in the field research and in the computational laboratory.

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Av. Amazonas 7675, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30510-000, Brazil

    Ludmila Moura Moreira Mendes & Guilherme Antônio Ribeiro Souza

  2. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Av. Amazonas 7675, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30510-000, Brazil

    Hersilia Andrade Santos

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Mendes, L.M.M., Souza, G.A.R. & Santos, H.A. Downstream alterations on hydrodynamic fields by hydropower plant operations: implications for upstream fish migration. Hydrobiologia 849, 281–307 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04415-7

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