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How do Protected Areas Contribute to Human Well-Being? Multiple Mechanisms Perceived by Stakeholders in Chile

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Abstract

Biodiversity conservation in designated protected areas reshapes the ways in which people interact with their ecosystems and each other, providing changes in their opportunities to satisfy different aspects of their well-being. The pathways linking human well-being and protected areas could be understood as one or more causal mechanisms that can be structured through nature’s contributions to people (NCPs), i.e., ecosystem services. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in four Chilean protected areas to identify the multiple mechanisms through which protected areas contribute to human well-being. The stakeholders cited diverse NCPs from protected areas, including material, nonmaterial, and regulating ecosystem services. The stakeholders’ narratives suggested that protected areas satisfy several dimensions of human well-being, which varied both in frequency of citation across the protected areas and according to the stakeholders’ areas of interest. Protected areas were described as contributing to several dimensions of human well-being beyond economic benefits. The narratives indicated a set of multiple mechanisms linking ecosystem services provided by protected areas and satisfaction of dimensions of human well-being at the local level. We emphasize the need to design adaptive management plans for protected areas based on multiple mechanisms linking biodiversity protection and human well-being. Additionally, our results could facilitate the alignment of biodiversity conservation and community development agendas.

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Availability of Data and Materials

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, FZR. The data are not publicly available due to their containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.

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Funding

This research was funded by Corporación Nacional Forestal, FONDECYT-ANID 1230750, and 092375ZR_Postdoc, DICYT, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for the Interdisciplinary Analysis of Socio-Ecological Systems (LIASES), Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Francisco Zorondo-Rodríguez, Gloria B. Rodríguez-Gómez, Aracely Burgos-Ayala, Kattia Mendoza, María Jesús Díaz, Marco Cornejo & José Luis Llanos-Ascencio

  2. ESMOI-Centro de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas, Coquimbo, Chile

    Francisco Zorondo-Rodríguez

  3. Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Loreto F. Fuenzalida

  4. Departamento de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas, Corporación Nacional Forestal, Ministerio de Agricultura, Coquimbo, Chile

    Carla Louit-Lobos, Katerina Varas & Renzo Vargas-Rodríguez

  5. Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile

    Jorge Zamorano

  6. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Santiago, Chile

    Diego Flores

  7. Dirección de Territorios, Balloon Latam, Coquimbo, Chile

    Paula Martinez

  8. Reserva Nacional Federico Albert, Corporación Nacional Forestal, Ministerio de Agricultura, Chanco, Chile

    Fernando Campos

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  1. Francisco Zorondo-Rodríguez
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  2. Gloria B. Rodríguez-Gómez
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  14. Katerina Varas
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Contributions

FZR, GRG, LFF, and JLA conceived the research. FZR, GRG, MJD, MC, and KM conducted fieldwork, analysed, and interpreted the data. AB supported the analysis of data. FZR, GRG, and AB wrote the manuscript. FC, DF, CL, PM, KV, and RV facilitated logistic support. LFF, AB, JLA, JZ, FC, DF, CL, PM, KV, and RV provided advice, discussion of results and editing of the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francisco Zorondo-Rodríguez.

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Ethical Approval

This study was revised and approval by the Ethic Committee at the Universidad de Santiago de Chile (Ethics Report #335/2020).

Competing Interests

The following authors have the following conflicts to disclose not related to the current study: F.Z.R. has received a research grant from Corporación Nacional Forestal. F.C., C.L., P.M., K.V., and R.V. are employees of Corporación Nacional Forestal. D.F. is employee of Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Both Corporación Nacional Forestal and Ministerio de Medio Ambiente played no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, in writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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Zorondo-Rodríguez, F., Rodríguez-Gómez, G.B., Fuenzalida, L.F. et al. How do Protected Areas Contribute to Human Well-Being? Multiple Mechanisms Perceived by Stakeholders in Chile. Hum Ecol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-024-00486-5

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