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Genetic diversity of wild Camellia oleifera in northern China revealed by simple sequence repeat markers

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Abstract

Camellia oleifera Abel., as one of the four major woody oilseeds, has a high economic value, and the wild C. oleifera genes, whose distribution area is located at the northern edge, are abundant and are valuable resources for C. oleifera breeding. In this study, a total of 341 wild C. oleifera populations were sampled from 11 different localitions in Xinxian County, the hinterland of the Dabie Mountains in the northern margin of the distribution of C. oleifera in China, and 16 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers were used to analyse the genetic diversity. Using these 16 pairs of primers to detect the genetic diversity of the wild C. oleifera population, 174 alleles were amplified. The average number of alleles (Na) was 10.875, the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.739, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.718, and the average polymorphic information index (PIC) was 0.739. The 11 wild C. oleifera populations in Xinxian County had high genetic diversity, and the average expected heterozygosity (He) among populations was 0.735. The molecular variance showed that the genetic variation mainly came from within the population, accounting for 88.21% of the total variation. The genetic differentiation coefficient Fst between populations was small, with an average of only 0.04. According to the results of Structure and principal cordinate analysis (PCoA) and cluster analysis, these 11 populations could be roughly divided into two categories. The Mantel test preferentially clustered some populations close to each other, but there was no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. We provides a theoretical basis for the rational development and utilisation of wild C. oleifera resources in the future and provide a scientific and technological method for future breeding.

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Funding

This research was funded by the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number “32060362” and Supported by the Jiangxi Forestry Bureau Camellia Research Project grant number “YCYJZX [2023]121”.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China

    Li Cheng, Bing Cao, Shuangling Xie, Luyang Yang, Yunyu Zhang, Qinhua Cheng, Juan Liu, Suqin Yu & Dongnan Hu

  2. College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China

    Li Cheng, Bing Cao, Shuangling Xie, Luyang Yang, Yunyu Zhang, Qinhua Cheng, Juan Liu, Suqin Yu & Dongnan Hu

Authors
  1. Li Cheng
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  2. Bing Cao
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  3. Shuangling Xie
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  4. Luyang Yang
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  5. Yunyu Zhang
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  6. Qinhua Cheng
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  7. Juan Liu
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  8. Suqin Yu
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  9. Dongnan Hu
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Contributions

Methodology, D.H. and J.L.; software, S.Y.; formal analysis, L.Y. and Y.Z.; investigation, L.C.andB.C.; data curation,L.C. and Q.C.; writing—original draft preparation, L.C.; writing—review and editing, L.C.; project administration, D.H.; funding acquisition, D.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dongnan Hu.

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This article does not contain any research with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Dongnan Hu have contributed equally to this work.

Appendix

Appendix

DNA concentration of single plant leaves within each wild Camellia oleifera population.

Population

Serial number

DNA μg/ml

Population

Serial number

DNA μg/ml

Population

Serial number

DNA μg/ml

KB

1

116.7

WW

1

258.2

TG

1

70.4

2

119.0

2

96.9

2

63.5

3

109.3

3

54.1

3

80.7

4

117.0

4

73.5

4

99.0

5

105.5

5

126.8

5

72.7

6

149.2

6

68.0

6

70.0

7

167.4

7

80.0

7

72.4

8

58.8

8

77.6

8

116.2

9

115.2

9

55.6

9

89.3

10

61.5

10

94.2

10

66.7

11

80.4

11

245.3

11

82.9

12

37.4

12

74.0

12

83.7

13

70.5

13

97.1

13

61.8

14

90.3

14

65.6

14

67.8

15

88.9

15

200.2

15

62.7

16

82.2

16

139.2

16

79.3

17

83.5

17

95.7

17

46.6

18

66.6

18

74.1

18

42.2

19

70.5

19

132.1

19

63.7

20

57.5

20

103.6

20

72.0

21

55.6

21

96.6

21

93.2

22

75.7

22

81.6

22

47.4

23

129.2

23

86.0

23

106.6

24

105.9

24

54.8

24

54.5

25

77.6

25

87.2

25

63.2

26

84.7

26

124.9

26

51.1

27

59.2

27

74.1

27

57.7

28

55.4

28

56.6

28

57.4

29

71.5

29

43.7

29

70.4

30

95.4

30

87.1

30

67.4

31

33.2

31

96.0

31

76.7

Population

Serial number

DNA μg/ml

Population

Serial number

DNA μg/ml

Population

Serial number

DNA μg/ml

JLS

1

30.7

BLF

1

68.4

TF

1

48.0

2

34.6

2

55.4

2

57.8

3

48.2

3

72.0

3

75.1

4

30.0

4

51.4

4

97.1

5

30.9

5

130.9

5

91.3

6

101.5

6

102.9

6

39.1

7

46.9

7

81.2

7

79.8

8

57.9

8

49.3

8

94.3

9

55.2

9

51.7

9

90.5

10

53.0

10

59.8

10

48.7

11

56.7

11

57.7

11

91.8

12

72.2

12

46.5

12

75.9

13

58.8

13

21.4

13

48.9

14

79.4

14

37.8

14

49.6

15

76.8

15

46.8

15

59.0

16

76.2

16

69.2

16

54.9

17

125.4

17

82.6

17

45.0

18

75.9

18

77.5

18

61.8

19

82.5

19

65.1

19

68.7

20

64.1

20

64.2

20

54.8

21

83.7

21

42.9

21

51.1

22

108.0

22

99.5

22

65.2

23

114.5

23

90.6

23

61.8

24

83.0

24

129.1

24

66.3

25

69.8

25

77.8

25

43.1

26

46.2

26

602

26

105.4

27

99.2

27

62.3

27

106.2

28

49.6

28

75.7

28

67.4

29

92.7

29

47.2

29

79.0

30

91.0

30

56.9

30

54.5

31

70.7

31

48.2

31

79.4

Population

Serial number

DNA μg/ml

Population

Serial number

DNA μg/ml

Population

Serial number

DNA μg/ml

JL

1

45.6

LQ

1

37.7

XH

1

90.5

2

37.0

2

74.7

2

106.1

3

22.5

3

27.0

3

74.9

4

33.9

4

68.3

4

34.0

5

65.9

5

54.1

5

128.7

6

65.1

6

65.4

6

58.6

7

22.5

7

412

7

148.6

8

56.1

8

160.2

8

98.9

9

32.5

9

52.4

9

46.6

10

46.7

10

67.6

10

118.2

11

63.1

11

62.9

11

93.4

12

61.5

12

59.3

12

68.7

13

67.0

13

72.3

13

52.8

14

52.9

14

46.5

14

74.4

15

32.1

15

82.4

15

77.5

16

55.5

16

67.9

16

46.7

17

84.0

17

40.8

17

73.6

18

45.2

18

39.7

18

87.3

19

59.6

19

86.9

19

76.8

20

71.4

20

33.3

20

45.1

21

32.0

21

83.4

21

51.9

22

27.8

22

51.8

22

38.7

23

66.2

23

41.8

23

83.6

24

59.9

24

53.6

24

55.6

25

43.0

25

41.0

25

76.9

26

30.0

26

80.1

26

38.4

27

44.5

27

76.1

27

62.4

28

48.9

28

91.0

28

49.9

29

54.9

29

77.0

29

947

30

76.5

30

46.0

30

51.1

31

64.4

31

68.6

31

60.5

Population

Serial number

DNA μg/ml

Population

Serial number

DNA μg/ml

   

MP

1

47.3

LP

1

46.3

   
 

2

98.1

 

2

58.7

   
 

3

45.5

 

3

40.0

   
 

4

39.3

 

4

31.2

   
 

5

151.0

 

5

47.3

   
 

6

108.1

 

6

38.4

   
 

7

73.8

 

7

29.9

   
 

8

58.0

 

8

59.9

   
 

9

71.0

 

9

56.8

   
 

10

69.3

 

10

23.2

   
 

11

38.6

 

11

57.1

   
 

12

54.8

 

12

37.5

   
 

13

94.7

 

13

77.7

   
 

14

129.6

 

14

51.8

   
 

15

58.8

 

15

53.4

   
 

16

76.1

 

16

44.8

   
 

17

85.7

 

17

40.9

   
 

18

71.5

 

18

49.6

   
 

19

69.9

 

19

63.2

   
 

20

57.0

 

20

66.1

   
 

21

60.8

 

21

57.2

   
 

22

58.5

 

22

70.3

   
 

23

76.8

 

23

55.0

   
 

24

37.0

 

24

55.0

   
 

25

67.0

 

25

68.0

   
 

26

84.6

 

26

63.0

   
 

27

89.0

 

27

31.0

   
 

28

69.3

 

28

39.1

   
 

29

67.9

 

29

45.8

   
 

30

61.5

 

30

47.3

   
 

31

67.0

 

31

66.5

   

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Cheng, L., Cao, B., Xie, S. et al. Genetic diversity of wild Camellia oleifera in northern China revealed by simple sequence repeat markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01785-4

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