The behavior of the mixtures 6Al2Si2O7: 12NaOH and 6Al2Si2O7: 12NaOH : 2Al2O3 during heat-treatment was studied by means of x-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermal analysis. It was shown that hydrated zeolite LTA forms after ultrasonic treatment and evaporation of a suspension, granulation of paste, and drying. It was determined that sodium aluminum silicate Na6Al4Si4O17 is synthesized at temperatures up to 700°C. Sodium aluminum silicate Na8Al4Si4O18 , mullite, and nepheline were found in the systems after heat-treatment at temperatures above 800°C. It is shown that the calculations performed by Friedman’s isoconversion method (differential) and the Kissinger–Akahir–Sunose (integral) method, for which the temperature interval 500 – 800°C is of interest, give close values of E. The growth of the apparent energy of activation with increasing degree of transformation attests a change in the reaction mechanism.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. Breck, Zeolite Molecular Sieves. Structure, Chemistry and Use, Wiley, NY (1974).
Ch. Baerlocher, L. B. McCusker, and D. H. Olson, Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2007).
A. Radulović, V. Dondur, P. Vulić, Z. Miladinović, G. Ćirić-Marjanović, and R. Dimitrijević, “Routes of synthesis of nepheline-type polymorphs: An influence of Na-LTA bulk composition on its thermal transformations,” J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 74, 1212 – 1220 (2013).
E. B. G. Johnson and S. E., “Hydrothermally synthesized zeolites based on kaolinite: A review,” Appl. Clay Sci., 97 – 98, 215 – 221 (2014).
R. Siddique, “Metakaolin,” in: R. Siddique (ed.), Waste Materials and By-Products in Concrete, Chapter 2, Springer, NY (2008), pp. 41 – 92.
A. Pfenninger, “Manufacture and Use of Zeolites for Adsorption Processes,” in: H. G. Karge and J. Weitkamp (eds.), Molecular Sieves – Science and Technology, Vol. 2. Structures and Structure Determination, Springer, NY (1999), pp. 163 – 198.
N. E. Gordina, V. Yu. Prokof’ev, and S. P. Kochetkov, Ross. Khim. Zh., 60(2), 39 – 47 (2016).
L. Heller-Kallai and I. Lapides, “Reactions of kaolinites and metakaolinites with NaOH – comparison of different samples (Part 1),” Appl. Clay Sci., No. 35, 99 – 107 (2007).
V. Yu. Prokof’ev and N. E. Gordina, “Natural mechanisms of mechanochemical interactions in oxide powders,” Steklo Keram., Nî. 1, 11 – 16 (2014); V. Yu. Prokof’ev and N. E. Gordina, “Natural mechanisms of mechanochemical interactions in oxide powders,” Glass Ceram., 71(1 – 2), 10 – 14 (2014).
E. Post, J. Blumm, L. Hagemann, and J. B. Henderson, Thermal Analysis for Ceramic Materials, NETZSCHGerätebau GmbH, München (2001).
T. Ozawa, “Kinetic analysis by repeated temperature scanning. Part 1. Theory and methods,” Thermochim. Acta, 356, 173 – 180 (2000).
A. D. Pekdemir, Y. Sarıkaya, and M. Önal, “Thermal transformation kinetics of a kaolinitic clay,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 123, 767 – 772 (2016).
P. Ptáćek, T. Opravil, F. Šoukal, et al., “Kinetics and mechanism of formation of gehlenite, Al–Si spinel and anorthite from the mixture of kaolinite and calcite,” Solid State Sci., 26, 53 – 58 (2013).
N. E. Gordina, V. Yu. Prokof’ev, O. E. Hmylova, and Yu. N. Kul’pina, “Effect of ultrasound on the thermal behavior of the mixtures for the LTA zeolite synthesis based on metakaolin,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 129(3), 1415 – 1427 (2017); DOI: 10.1007_s10973-017-6357-6.
Gordina N. E., Prokof’ev V. Yu., Kul’pina Yu. N. et al., “Use of ultrasonic processing at early stages of LTA zeolite synthesis from metakaolin,” Steklo Keram., No. 9, 23 – 27 (2016); Gordina N. E., Prokof’ev V. Yu., Kul’pina Yu. N. et al., “Use of ultrasonic processing at early stages of LTA zeolite synthesis from metakaolin,” Glass Ceram., 73(9), 334 – 337 (2016).
H. L. Friedman, “New methods for evaluating kinetic parameters from thermal analysis data,” J. Polymer Sci. B: Polymer Lett., 7, 41 – 46 (1969).
H. E. Kissinger, “Variation of peak temperature with heating rate in differential thermal analysis,” J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 57, 217 – 224 (1956).
T. Akahira and T. Sunose, “Method of determining activation deterioration constant of electrical insulating materials,” Res. Report Chiba Inst. Technol., 16, 22 – 31 (1971).
A. W. Coats and J. P. Redfern, “Kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric data,” Nature, 201, 68 – 69 (1964).
N. E. Gordina, V. Yu. Prokof’ev, Yu. N. Kul’pina, et al., “Effect of ultrasound on the synthesis of low-modulus zeolites from a metakaolin,” Ultrason. Sonochem., 33, 210 – 219 (2016).
This research was supported by RFFI under the scientific contract No. 16-03-00163A.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 1, pp. 10 – 16, January, 2020.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gordina, N.E., Prokof’ev, V.Y., Shamanaeva, N.V. et al. Thermal Behavior of Mixtures Based on Metakaolin and Sodium Hydroxide. Glass Ceram 77, 9–14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10717-020-00227-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10717-020-00227-2