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Greenhouse gas intensity and net ecosystem carbon budget following the application of green manures in rice paddies

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Abstract

Green manure application has been a good fertility management for crop growth and soil quality, but its effect on greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) and net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) of rice ecosystem is not well understood. Two green manure species, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and broad beans (Vicia faba L.), and two N fertilization levels (0 and 200 kg ha−1), alone or in combination, were applied to rice paddy soils in 2012 and 2013. The results show that the grain yields increased by 25.36, 29.81, and 41.85 % for the N fertilizer, N + broad bean, and N + alfalfa treatments, respectively, compared with the no fertilizer. CH4 and N2O emissions increased by 50.77 and 36.11 %, 30.70 and 75.04 % in N + broad bean and N + alfalfa treatments, respectively, compared to N fertilizer treatment. The average CH4 and N2O emissions were 37.47 and 63.22 % higher in 2013 than in 2012, respectively, whereas the average soil temperature during the rice growth period was 2.1 °C higher in 2013 than in 2012. The highest value in GHGI was associated with the N + broad bean treatment (with a high C/N ratio), while the NECB and mass of soil total carbon change (MSTC) were highest in the N + alfalfa treatment (with a low C/N ratio). This result indicates that high C/N ratio green manures had high grain yields yet increased GHGI, while low C/N ratio green manures had even higher grains yields with increased NECB and MSTC.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31572451), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (Nos. 13JC1403200 and 15391912400), and Committee of Shanghai agriculture (No. 2013-5-10).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Min Hang, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoye Gao, Aimin Lv, Shengyin Wang, Liantai Su, Peng Zhou & Yuan An

  2. Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoye Gao, Aimin Lv, Shengyin Wang, Liantai Su, Peng Zhou & Yuan An

  3. Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoye Gao, Aimin Lv, Shengyin Wang, Liantai Su, Peng Zhou & Yuan An

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  1. Xiaoye Gao
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  2. Aimin Lv
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  3. Shengyin Wang
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  4. Liantai Su
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  5. Peng Zhou
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Correspondence to Peng Zhou or Yuan An.

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Supplementary Fig. S1: Variations in daily air temperature and average soil temperature at 5 cm depth for each gas sampling time during the rice growing period in 2012 and 2013. (TIFF 601 kb)

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Gao, X., Lv, A., Wang, S. et al. Greenhouse gas intensity and net ecosystem carbon budget following the application of green manures in rice paddies. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 106, 169–183 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9797-7

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