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Regulation of omega-3 fatty acids production by different genes in freshwater fish species: a review

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Abstract

The present study aims to compare the gene expression of three different fish species (common carp, tilapia, and trout) with varying levels of fatty acids (FA). Based on transcriptome analysis and RNA sequencing, various genes and their associated metabolic pathways are identified. Pathways are categorized based on the genes they encode. Genes that were differentially expressed and their promoter’s methylation patterns were revealed by RNA-seq analysis in common carp. Furthermore, fatty acid–enriched pathways, such as ARA4 and adipocytokine signaling, were also identified. Many genes and pathways may influence tilapia’s growth and omega-3 content. Using the mTOR pathway, trout with differential expression were discovered to be involved in producing omega-3 fatty acids. This study revealed major pathways in fish species to produce omega-3 fatty acids.

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Abbreviations

FAs:

Fatty acids

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentanoic acid

ALA:

Alpha-linolenic acid

PUFAs:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

RNA-seq:

RNA sequencing

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

QTL:

Quantitative trait locus

DEGs:

Differentially expressed genes

DMRs:

Differentially methylated regions

DET:

Differentially expressed transcripts

GO:

Gene Ontology

Val:

Valine

Leu:

Leucine

Ile:

Isoleucine

qPCR:

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

FADS1:

Fatty acid desaturase 1

FADS2:

Fatty acid desaturase 2

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Acknowledgements

The authors duly acknowledge Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh for providing facilities to carry out the work.

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  1. Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India

    Shivani Bhardwaj, Kushal Thakur, Amit Kumar Sharma, Dixit Sharma, Bhavna Brar, Danish Mahajan, Sunil Kumar & Rakesh Kumar

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  1. Shivani Bhardwaj
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  2. Kushal Thakur
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  3. Amit Kumar Sharma
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  4. Dixit Sharma
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  7. Sunil Kumar
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  8. Rakesh Kumar
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RK - conceptualization; SB and KT - original draft preparation; DS and AKS - reviewing and editing; BB, DM, and SK - helped to draft the final manuscript; all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rakesh Kumar.

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Bhardwaj, S., Thakur, K., Sharma, A.K. et al. Regulation of omega-3 fatty acids production by different genes in freshwater fish species: a review. Fish Physiol Biochem 49, 1005–1016 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01236-y

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