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Carotenoid composition in wild-caught spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) broodstocks: effects on gonad development

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Abstract

The carotenoid reserves of broodstocks have a considerable impact on reproductive performance, maturity, fecundity, spawning, and yolk-sac larvae quality. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the most effective strategy for enriching broodstock in artificial breeding programs by examining changes in the carotenoid profile of wild-caught spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) broodstocks during the reproductive season. The predominant carotenoids such as fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotenoids were examined in muscle, liver, and gonad (testis and ovary) samples from both the genders. The results revealed that total carotenoid levels differed significantly (p < 0.05) among tissues during sexual maturation. The muscle fucoxanthin levels increased gradually (0.014 ± 0 .01 < 0.017 ± 0.00 < 0.019 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) during testicular maturation and were comparatively higher than that of the liver and testis. The astaxanthin content of the ovary was relatively low and increased with ovarian maturation (2.013 ± 0.18 < 6.106 ± 0.28 < 8.871 ± 0.73 mg/100 g). The scat’s mature ovary (9.446 ± 0.53 mg/100 g) had a higher concentration of lutein in comparison with testis (0.821 ± 0.07 mg/100 g). In the testis, the highest concentration of β-carotene could be observed during the mature stage (1.765 ± 0.08 mg/100 g). In female scat, the β-carotene content of muscle showed an inverse relationship with maturation indicated by a gradual decrease from immature stage. Finally, it is proposed that carotenoids are preferentially mobilized and conserved in the gonads, which are indispensable to improve gonadal development and the productive potential of S. argus, a leading candidate species.

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The data analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Director and Dr. A. R. Thirunavukkarasu, Former Head, Fish Culture Division, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture– ICAR, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, for their encouragement and support in carrying out this research. We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. V. Baskaran, Principal scientist, Department of Biochemistry, CSIR – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India, for providing the necessary facilities for this research.

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  1. PG & Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India

    Madhavi Mookkan

  2. Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Fish Culture Division, Santhome High Road, R.A.Puram, Chennai, 600 028, Tamil Nadu, India

    Kailasam Muniyandi

  3. Department of Zoology, Erode Arts and Science College, Affiliated to Bharathiar University, Rangampalayam, Erode, 638 009, Tamil Nadu, India

    Stalin Palaniyandi

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MM analyzed and interpreted the data, was a major contributor in writing e original draft, and was the corresponding author. KM analyzed and interpreted the data and was a contributor in writing the original draft. SP collected the samples and revised the manuscript.

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Mookkan, M., Muniyandi, K. & Palaniyandi, S. Carotenoid composition in wild-caught spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) broodstocks: effects on gonad development. Fish Physiol Biochem 48, 991–1009 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01099-9

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