Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. (EOOG) for anesthesia and in the transport of Oreochromis niloticus. Experiment I determined the time of anesthesia induction and recovery during anesthesia of O. niloticus exposed to different concentrations of EOOG (0, 30, 90, 150, and 300 mg L−1). Based on data from Experiment I, Experiment II evaluated the effect of 0, 30, and 90 mg L−1 EOOG on blood parameters and oxidative stress immediately after anesthesia induction and 1 h after recovery. Experiment III evaluated the effect of 0, 5, and 10 mg L−1 EOOG on blood variables immediately after 4.5 h of transport of juveniles. Concentrations between 90 and 150 mg L−1 EOOG were efficient for anesthesia and recovery. The use of 90 mg L−1 of EOOG prevented an increase in plasma glucose. Other changes in blood parameters and oxidative stress are discussed. The use of 10 mg L−1 EOOG in transport increased plasma glucose and decreased hematocrit values immediately after transport. It is concluded that the use of 90 and 150 mg L−1 EOOG causes anesthesia and recovery in O. niloticus within the time intervals considered ideal. The use of 90 mg L−1 EOOG favored stable plasma glucose soon after anesthesia induction and 1 h after recovery, but caused changes in the antioxidant defense system by increasing hepatic and kidney ROS. The transport of 12 g O. niloticus for 4.5 h can be performed with concentration of 5 mg L−1 of EOOG.
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The data and material that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Funding
The present research was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq-Brazil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES-Brazil) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG-Brazil). R.K. Luz and B. Baldisserotto received research fellowships from CNPq (CNPq No. 308547/2018-7 and 301225/2017-6, respectively).
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Andre Lima Ferreira: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—reviewing and editing, visualization.
Gisele Cristina Favero: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, final approval of the version to be submitted.
Tulio Pacheco Boaventura: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, final approval of the version to be submitted.
Carine de Freitas Souza: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation.
Nathália Soares Ferreira: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation.
Sharine Nunes Descovi: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation.
Bernardo Baldisserotto: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be submitted, funding acquisition.
Berta Maria Heinzmann: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, analysis and interpretation of data, final approval of the version to be submitted.
Ronald Kennedy Luz: Conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, resources, data curation, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—reviewing and editing, visualization, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition.
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Three experiments were carried out at the Laboratório de Aquacultura (LAQUA) of the Escola de Veterinária (EV) of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), with approval of the Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais (CEUA) of this institution (registration numbers 324/2018 and 42/2020).
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Ferreira, A.L., Favero, G.C., Boaventura, T.P. et al. Essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (Linnaeus, 1753): efficacy for anesthesia and transport of Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Physiol Biochem 47, 135–152 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-020-00900-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-020-00900-x