Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Impact of familial risk and mammography screening on prognostic indicators of breast disease among women from the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Familial Cancer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although several studies have found screen-detected cancers in women with familial breast cancer risk have favorable prognostic features compared with symptomatic cancers, the impact of level of familial risk is unknown. A cohort of 899 first-degree female relatives of cases of breast cancer from the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry was followed for 2 years. Logistic regression analyses compared diagnoses of breast cancer or benign breast disease (BBD) between women at high (n = 258, 28.7 %) versus low/moderate (n = 641, 71.3 %) familial risk. Similar analyses compared prognostic features of invasive cancers and BBD by level of familial risk and mammography screening status. Among 899 women, 44 (4.9 %) were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and/or ductal carcinoma in situ, and 56 (6.2 %) with BBD. Women with high familial risk were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 2.84, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.50–5.38] than low/moderate risk women, particularly if diagnosed at age ≥50 (OR = 2.99, 95 % CI 1.37–6.56) or screened with mammography (OR = 3.33, 95 % CI 1.54–7.18). High risk women were more likely to be diagnosed with BBD (OR = 1.94, 95 % CI 1.03–3.66). Level of familial risk was not associated with prognostic features. Cancers among unscreened women were larger (OR = 9.72, 95 % CI 1.01–93.61) and diagnosed at stage II or above (OR = 7.80, 95 % CI 1.18–51.50) compared with screen-detected cancers. Screening mammography may be effective for women with a first-degree family history of breast cancer, irrespective of level of familial risk.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (2001) Familial breast cancer: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiological studies including 58,209 women with breast cancer and 101,986 women without the disease. Lancet 358:1389–1399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Pharoah PD, Day NE, Duffy S, Easton DF, Ponder BA (1997) Family history and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 71:800–809

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bevier M, Sundquist K, Hemminki K (2012) Risk of breast cancer in families of multiple affected women and men. Breast Cancer Res Treat 132:723–728

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ziogas A, Gildea M, Cohen P et al (2000) Cancer risk estimates for family members of a population-based family registry for breast and ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:103–111

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Nelson HD, Tyne K, Naik A, Bougatsos C, Chan BK, Humphrey L, US Preventive Services Task Force (2009) Screening for breast cancer: an update for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 151:727–737

    Google Scholar 

  6. Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care, Tonelli M, Connor Gorber S et al (2011) Recommendations on screening for breast cancer in average-risk women aged 40–74 years. CMAJ 183:1991–2001

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chiarelli AM, Halapy E, Nadalin V, Shumak R, O’Malley F, Mai V (2006) Performance measures from 10 years of breast screening in the Ontario Breast Screening Program, 1990/91 to 2000. Eur J Cancer Prev 15:34–42

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Evans DG, Lalloo F (2002) Risk assessment and management of high risk familial breast cancer. J Med Genet 39:865–871

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Eccles DM, Evans DG, Mackay J (2000) Guidelines for a genetic risk based approach to advising women with a family history of breast cancer. UK Cancer Family Study Group (UKCFSG). J Med Genet 37:203–209

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Eisinger F, Alby N, Bremond A et al (1998) Recommendations for medical management of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: the French National Ad Hoc Committee. Ann Oncol 9:939–950

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Møller P, Evans G, Haites N et al (1999) Guidelines for follow-up of women at high risk for inherited breast cancer: consensus statement from the Biomed 2 Demonstration Programme on Inherited Breast Cancer. Dis Markers 15:207–211

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Warner E, Heisey RE, Goel V, Carroll JC, McCready DR (1999) Hereditary breast cancer. Risk assessment of patients with a family history of breast cancer. Can Fam Physician 45:104–112

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Chart PL, Franssen E (1997) Management of women at increased risk for breast cancer: preliminary results from a new program. CMAJ 157:1235–1242

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Horsman D, Wilson BJ, Avard D et al (2007) Clinical management recommendations for surveillance and risk-reduction strategies for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer among individuals carrying a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 29:45–60

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Halapy EE, Chiarelli AM, Klar N, Knight J (2004) Breast screening outcomes in women with and without a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. J Med Screen 11:32–38

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kerlikowske K, Carney P, Geller B et al (2000) Performance of screening mammography among women with and without a first-degree relative with breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 133:855–863

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Randall D, Morrell S, Taylor R, Hung WT (2009) Annual or biennial mammography screening for women at a higher risk with a family history of breast cancer: prognostic indicators of screen-detected cancers in New South Wales, Australia. Cancer Causes Control 20:559–566

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Møller P, Reis MM, Evans G et al (1999) Efficacy of early diagnosis and treatment in women with a family history of breast cancer. Dis Markers 15:179–186

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Møller P, Maehle L, Heimdal K et al (1998) Prospective findings in breast cancer kindreds: annual incidence rates according to age, stage at diagnosis, mean sojourn time, and incidence rates for contralateral cancer. Breast 7:55–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tilanus-Linthorst MM, Bartels CC, Obdeijn AI, Oudkerk M (2000) Earlier detection of breast cancer by surveillance of women at familial risk. Eur J Cancer 36:514–519

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bodian CA (1993) Benign breast diseases, carcinoma in situ, and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev 15(1):177–187

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fitzgibbons PL, Henson DE, Hutter RV (1998) Benign breast changes and the risk for subsequent breast cancer. An update of the 1985 consensus statement. Arch Pathol Lab Med 122:1053–1055

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Dupont WD, Page DL (1985) Risk factors for breast cancer in women with proliferative breast disease. N Engl J Med 312:146–151

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Webb PM, Byrne C, Schnitt SJ, Connolly JL, Jacobs T, Peiro G, Willett W, Colditz GA (2002) Family history of breast cancer, age and benign breast disease. Int J Cancer 100:375–378

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Gui GP, Hogben RK, Walsh G, A’Hern R, Eeles R (2001) The incidence of breast cancer from screening women according to predicted family history risk: does annual clinical examination add to mammography? Eur J Cancer 37:1668–1673

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Knight JA, Sutherland HJ, Glendon G, Boyd NF, Andrulis IL, Ontario Cancer Genetics Network (2002) Characteristics associated with participation at various stages at the Ontario site of the cooperative family registry for breast cancer studies. Ann Epidemiol 12:27–33

    Google Scholar 

  27. John EM, Hopper JL, Beck JC et al (2004) The Breast Cancer Family Registry: an infrastructure for cooperative multinational, interdisciplinary and translational studies of the genetic epidemiology of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 6:R375–R389

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Campitelli MA, Chiarelli AM, Mirea L, Stewart L, Glendon G, Ritvo P, Andrulis IL, Knight JA (2011) Adherence to breast and ovarian cancer screening guidelines for female relatives from the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Eur J Cancer Prev 20:492–500

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang LR, Chiarelli AM, Glendon G, Mirea L, Edwards S, Knight JA, Andrulis IL, Ritvo P (2011) Influence of perceived breast cancer risk on screening behaviors of female relatives from the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Eur J Cancer Prev 20:255–262

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Cortesi L, Turchetti D, Marchi I, Fracca A, Canossi B, Rachele B, Silvia R, Rita PA, Pietro T, Massimo F (2006) Breast cancer screening in women at increased risk according to different family histories: an update of the Modena Study Group experience. BMC Cancer 6:210

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Vencken PM, Kriege M, Hooning M et al (2013) The risk of primary and contralateral breast cancer after ovarian cancer in BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers: implications for counseling. Cancer 119:955–962

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2013) Familial breast cancer: classification and care of people at risk of familial breast cancer and management of breast cancer and related risks in people with a family history of breast cancer. NICE clinical guideline 164. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG164. Accessed 20 Aug 2013

  33. Egan KM, Newcomb PA, Longnecker MP, Trentham-Dietz A, Baron JA, Trichopoulos D, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC (1996) Jewish religion and risk of breast cancer. Lancet 347:1645–1646

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Toniolo PG, Kato I (1996) Jewish religion and risk of breast cancer. Lancet 348:760

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. American Joint Committee on Cancer (2002) Cancer staging manual, 6th edn. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  36. Elston CW, Ellis IO (1991) Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 19:403–410

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Hammond ME, Hayes DF, Dowsett M et al (2010) American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer (unabridged version). Arch Pathol Lab Med 134:e48–e72

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Binder DA (1983) On the variances of asymptotically normal estimators from complex surveys. Int Stat Rev 51:279–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Morel G (1989) Logistic regression under complex survey designs. Surv Method 15:203–222

    Google Scholar 

  40. Berkowitz GS, Kelsey JL, LiVolsi VA, Holdford TR, Merino MJ, Ort S, O’Connor TZ, White C (1985) Risk factors for fibrocystic breast disease and its histopathologic components. J Natl Cancer Inst 75:43–50

    Google Scholar 

  41. Hislop TG, Elwood JM (1981) Risk factors for benign breast disease: a 30-year cohort study. Can Med Assoc J 124:283–291

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Berkey CS, Tamimi RM, Rosner B, Frazier AL, Colditz GA (2012) Young women with family history of breast cancer and their risk factors for benign breast disease. Cancer 118:2796–2803

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Bertelson L, Mellemkjaer L, Balslev E, Olsen JH (2008) Benign breast disease among first-degree relatives of young breast cancer patients. Am J Epidemiol 168:261–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Minami Y, Ohuchi N, Taeda Y, Fukao A, Hisamichi S (1998) Risk factors for benign breast disease according to histopathological type: comparisons with risk factors for breast cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res 89:116–123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Pastides H, Kelsey JL, Holford TR, LiVolsi VA (1985) An epidemiologic study of fibrocystic breast disease with reference to ductal epithelial atypia. Am J Epidemiol 121:440–447

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Figueiredo JC, Ennis M, Knight JA, McLaughlin JR, Hood N, O’Malley F, Andrulis IL, Goodwin PJ (2007) Influence of young age at diagnosis and family history of breast or ovarian cancer on breast outcomes in a population-based cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 105:69–80

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Margolin S, Johansson H, Rutqvist LE, Lindblom A, Fornander T (2006) Family history, and impact on clinical presentation and prognosis, in a population-based breast cancer cohort from the Stockholm County. Fam Cancer 5:309–321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Verhoog LC, Brekelmans CT, Seynaeve C et al (1998) Survival and tumour characteristics of breast-cancer patients with germline mutations of BRCA1. Lancet 351:316–321

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Ruder AM, Moodie PF, Nelson NA, Choi NW (1988) Does family history of breast cancer improve survival among patients with breast cancer? Am J Obstet Gynecol 158:963–968

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Israeli D, Tartter PI, Brower ST, Mizrachy B, Bratton J (1994) The significance of family history of patients with carcinoma of the breast. J Am Coll Surg 179:29–32

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Jobsen JJ, Meerwaltd JH, van der Palen J (2000) Family history in breast cancer is not a prognostic factor? Breast 9:83–87

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Russo A, Herd-Smith A, Gestri D, Bianchi S, Vezzosi V, Rosselli Del Tuco M, Cardona G (2002) Does family history influence survival in breast cancer cases? Int J Cancer 99:427–430

    Google Scholar 

  53. Thalib L, Wedrén S, Granath F, Adami HO, Rydh B, Magnusson C, Hall P (2004) Breast cancer prognosis in relation to family history of breast and ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 90:1378–1381

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Malone KE, Daling JR, Doody DR, O’Brien C, Resler A, Ostrander EA, Porter PL (2011) Family history of breast cancer in relation to tumor characteristics and mortality in a population-based study of young women with invasive breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 20:2560–2571

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Molino A, Giovannini M, Pedersini R, Frisinghelli M, Micciolo R, Mandarà M, Pavarana M, Cetto GL (2004) Correlations between family history and cancer characteristics in 2256 breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 91:96–98

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Fukutomi T, Kobayashi Y, Nanasawa T, Yamamoto H, Tsuda H (1993) A clinicopathological analysis of breast cancer in patients with a family history. Surg Today 23:849–854

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Mohammed SN, Smith P, Hodgson SV, Fentiman IS, Miles DW, Barnes DM, Millis RR, Rubens RD (1998) Family history and survival in premenopausal breast cancer. Br J Cancer 77:2252–2256

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Goodwin PJ, Phillips KA, West DW et al (2012) Breast cancer prognosis in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: an International Prospective Breast Cancer Family Registry population-based cohort study. J Clin Oncol 30:19–26

    Google Scholar 

  59. Mavaddat N, Barrowdale D, Andrulis IL et al (2012) Pathology of breast and ovarian cancers among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: results from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 21:134–147

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Nagtegaal ID, Duffy SW (2013) Reduction in rate of node metastases with breast screening: consistency of association with tumor size. Breast Cancer Res Treat 137:653–663

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Chiarelli AM, Edwards SA, Sheppard AJ, Mirea L, Chong N, Paszat L, Shumak RS, O’Malley FP, Breast Screening Study Group (2012) Favourable prognostic factors of subsequent screen-detected breast cancers among women aged 50–69. Eur J Cancer Prev 21:499–506

    Google Scholar 

  62. Burke JP, Power C, Gorey TF, Flanagan F, Kerin MJ, Kell MR (2008) A comparative study of risk factors and prognostic features between symptomatic and screen detected breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 34:149–153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Clayforth C, Fritschi L, McEvoy S, Byrne MJ, Wylie E, Threlfall T, Sterrett G, Harvey JM, Jamrozik K (2005) Assessing the effectiveness of a mammography screening service. ANZ J Surg 75:631–636

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Dillon MF, Hill AD, Quinn CM, O’Doherty A, Crown J, Fleming FJ, McDermott EW, O’Higgins N (2004) Surgical intervention in screen-detected patients versus symptomatic patients with breast cancer. J Med Screen 11:130–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Bergmann MM, Calle EE, Mervis CA, Miracle-McMahill HL, Thun MJ, Heath CW (1998) Validity of self-reported cancers in a prospective cohort study in comparison with data from state cancer registries. Am J Epidemiol 147:556–562

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Parikh-Patel A, Allen M, Wright WE, California Teachers Study Steering Committee (2003) Validation of self-reported cancers in the California Teachers Study. Am J Epidemiol 157:539–545

    Google Scholar 

  67. Manjer J, Merlo J, Berglund G (2004) Validity of self-reported information on cancer: determinants of under- and over-reporting. Eur J Epidemiol 19:239–247

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Dominguez FJ, Lawrence C, Halpern EF et al (2007) Accuracy of self-reported personal history of cancer in an outpatient breast center. J Genet Couns 16:341–345

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Abraham L, Geller BM, Yankaskas BC, Bowles EJ, Karliner LS, Taplin SH, Miglioretti DL (2009) Accuracy of self-reported breast cancer among women undergoing mammography. Breast Cancer Res Treat 118:583–592

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Murff HJ, Spigel DR, Syngal S (2004) Does this patient have a family history of breast cancer? An evidence-based analysis of the accuracy of family cancer history. JAMA 292:1480–1489

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Rauscher GH, Johnson TP, Cho YI, Walk JA (2008) Accuracy of self-reported cancer-screening histories: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17:748–757

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Howard M, Agarwal G, Lytwyn A (2009) Accuracy of self-reports of Pap and mammography screening compared to medical records: a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 20:1–13

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Walker MJ, Chiarelli AM, Mirea L, Glendon G, Ritvo P, Andrulis IL, Knight JA (2013) Accuracy of self-reported screening mammography use: examining recall among female relatives from the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. ISRN Oncol. doi:10.1155/2013/810573

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Phipps AI, Buist DS, Malone KE, Barlow WE, Porter PL, Kerlikowske K, Li CI (2011) Family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives and triple-negative breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 126:671–678

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, Parise CA, Caggiano V (2007) Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California cancer Registry. Cancer 109:1721–1728

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA et al (2006) Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. JAMA 295:2492–2502

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Miller AB (1996) Fundamental issues in screening for cancer. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr (eds) Cancer epidemiology and prevention. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 1433–1452

    Google Scholar 

  78. Buist DS, Porter PL, Lehman C, Taplin SH, White E (2004) Factors contributing to mammography failure in women aged 40–49 years. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:1432–1440

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Carney PA, Miglioretti DL, Yankaskas BC et al (2003) Individual and combined effects of age, breast density, and hormone replacement therapy use on the accuracy of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med 138:168–175

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. FH01 collaborative teams (2010) Mammographic surveillance in women younger than 50 years who have a family history of breast cancer: tumour characteristics and projected effect on mortality in the prospective, single arm, FH01 study. Lancet Oncol 11:1127–1134

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the study staff: Nada Abdel-Malek, Elizabeth Arbour, Lindsay Stewart, Sabiha Faruqui, Jennifer Kohn, Elaine Maloney and Nayana Weerasooriya. The authors also thank the participants of the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. This work was supported by the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance (Grant 016270). This work was also supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government or the BCFR.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2L7, Canada

    Meghan J. Walker & Anna M. Chiarelli

  2. Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Meghan J. Walker, Kristine Cooper, Julia A. Knight & Anna M. Chiarelli

  3. Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Lucia Mirea

  4. Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Lucia Mirea

  5. Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Mitra Nabavi

  6. Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Gord Glendon, Irene L. Andrulis & Julia A. Knight

  7. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Irene L. Andrulis

  8. Department of Pathology, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Frances P. O’Malley

  9. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Frances P. O’Malley

Authors
  1. Meghan J. Walker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lucia Mirea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kristine Cooper
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mitra Nabavi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gord Glendon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Irene L. Andrulis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Julia A. Knight
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Frances P. O’Malley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Anna M. Chiarelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Meghan J. Walker.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Walker, M.J., Mirea, L., Cooper, K. et al. Impact of familial risk and mammography screening on prognostic indicators of breast disease among women from the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Familial Cancer 13, 163–172 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10689-013-9689-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10689-013-9689-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation