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The discovery space of ELT-ANDES. Stars and stellar populations

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Abstract

The ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph (ANDES) is the optical and near-infrared high-resolution echelle spectrograph envisioned for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). We present a selection of science cases, supported by new calculations and simulations, where ANDES could enable major advances in the fields of stars and stellar populations. We focus on three key areas, including the physics of stellar atmospheres, structure, and evolution; stars of the Milky Way, Local Group, and beyond; and the star-planet connection. The key features of ANDES are its wide wavelength coverage at high spectral resolution and its access to the large collecting area of the ELT. These features position ANDES to address the most compelling questions and potentially transformative advances in stellar astrophysics of the decades ahead, including questions which cannot be anticipated today.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Notes

  1. https://andes.inaf.it/instrument/exposure-time-calculator/

  2. The abundance ratio of elements X and Y relative to the Solar ratio is defined as [X/Y] \(\equiv \log _{10}\) \( (N_\textrm{X}/N_\textrm{Y})_{\star } - \log _{10} (N_\textrm{X}/N_\textrm{Y})_{\odot }\)

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Acknowledgements

IUR acknowledges support from United States National Science Foundation grants AST 1815403 and AST 2205847. CAP and JIGH are thankful to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) for funding under the project PID2020-117493GB-I00. TB acknowledges support from project grant No. 2018- 04857 from the Swedish Research Council. E.M.A.G. acknowledges support from the German Leibniz-Gemeinschaft under project number P67/2018. RM acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), by the ERC Advanced Grant 695671 ‘QUENCH,’ and by the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. RM also acknowledges funding from a research professorship from the Royal Society. AC acknowledges support from the French National Research Agency (ANR) funded project PEPPER (ANR-20-CE31-0002). AJK acknowledges support by the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA). VA is supported by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) through national funds by the following grants: UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, and 2022.06962.PTDC. CRL and PJA acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through projects PID2019-109522GB-C52, PID2022-137241NB-C43 and the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S all funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. DR acknowledges support from the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics through Theory Grant 2022, Fu. Ob. 1.05.12.06.08. JRM acknowledges continuous support from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte and Brazilian Agencies CNPq and CAPES.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA

    Ian U. Roederer

  2. Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    Ian U. Roederer

  3. Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), 14482, Potsdam, Germany

    Julián D. Alvarado-Gómez, Eliana M. Amazo-Gómez, Martina Baratella, Sydney A. Barnes, Silva P. Järvinen & Katja Poppenhäger

  4. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, 38205, Spain

    Carlos Allende Prieto, David S. Aguado & J. I. González Hernández

  5. Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain

    Carlos Allende Prieto, David S. Aguado & J. I. González Hernández

  6. Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762, Porto, Portugal

    Vardan Adibekyan

  7. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain

    Pedro J. Amado & Cristina Rodríguez-López

  8. European Southern Observatory (ESO), Chile, Santiago, 19001, Chile

    Martina Baratella

  9. Lund Observatory, Division of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 43, 22100, Lund, Sweden

    Thomas Bensby

  10. Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Lagrange, CS, 34229, Nice, France

    Lionel Bigot, Andrea Chiavassa, Armando Domiciano de Souza & Nicolas Nardetto

  11. Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Applied Physics, Frankfurt, Germany

    Camilla Juul Hansen

  12. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75120, Sweden

    Andreas J. Korn

  13. Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, INAF, Padova, 35122, Italy

    Sara Lucatello

  14. Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INAF, Firenze, I50125, Italy

    Laura Magrini

  15. Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Roberto Maiolino

  16. Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, INAF, Trieste, I-34143, Italy

    Paolo Di Marcantonio

  17. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, I-50019, Italy

    Alessandro Marconi

  18. Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Natal, 59078-970, Brasil

    José R. De Medeiros

  19. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, 40129, Italy

    Alessio Mucciarelli

  20. Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, INAF, Bologna, 40129, Italy

    Alessio Mucciarelli, Livia Origlia & Donatella Romano

  21. European Southern Observatory, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany

    Celine Peroux

  22. Potsdam University, Institute for Physics and Astronomy, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany

    Katja Poppenhäger

  23. Institut für Astrophysik und Geophysik, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, 37077, Germany

    Ansgar Reiners

  24. Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Firenze, 50125, Italy

    Stefania Salvadori

  25. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 et CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Paris, France

    Patrick Tisserand

  26. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada

    Kim Venn

  27. Department of Physics and Space Science, Royal Military College of Canada, PO Box 17000, Station Forces, Kingston, ON, K7K 7B4, Canada

    Gregg A. Wade

  28. Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, INAF, Merate, Italy

    Alessio Zanutta

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  1. Ian U. Roederer
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Contributions

Conceptualization (Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.): IUR, AM, JDAG, AD, AC, GAW, LM, CRL, SL, SS, AJK, DR, CAP. Formal analysis (Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesize study data.): DA. Project administration (Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.): PM. Software (Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.): AC. Supervision (Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.): IUR, JDAG. Visualization (Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.): IUR, AM, JDAG, AC, LM, DA, SS. Writing - original draft (Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).): IUR, AM, JDAG, AD, AC, GAW, LM, SPJ, CRL, AJK, DR. Writing - review and editing (Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision - including pre- or post-publication stages.): IUR, AM, JDAG, AC, GAW, LM, CRL, PJA, MBA, SL, SS, AJK, CP, DR, CAP, JIGH, AR.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ian U. Roederer.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Roederer, I.U., Alvarado-Gómez, J.D., Allende Prieto, C. et al. The discovery space of ELT-ANDES. Stars and stellar populations. Exp Astron 57, 17 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-024-09938-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-024-09938-8

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