Abstract
A number of different strategies have been utilized to introduce parthenocarpy into tomato commercial cultivars. In this study, we evaluated three segregating populations (F2, F3, and F4) derived from conventional crossing between iaa9-3 mutant in Micro-Tom and an inbred pure tomato line V62. The mutation caused potato leaf style and high parthenocarpic fruit set ratio (nearly 90%). Introducing iaa9-3 mutation into tomato cultivar has some advantages over other parthenocarpic mutants, including, (1) retaining the normal stamen structure and fertile pollen; (2) the parthenocarpic lines can produce sufficient seeds for self-pollinated propagation; (3) average seedless fruit weight of experimental lines ranged from 25 g/fruit (small category) to over 50 g/fruit (intermediate category), together with good number of fruits/plant which can lead to a theoretical seedless fruit yield of over 3000 g/plant, which is acceptable for commercial varieties; (4) increasing the quality of seedless fruits compared to seeded fruits which is attributable to an increase in the mass of placental area and a higher Brix level than locule and pericarp areas. The selected iaa9-3 mutant lines should be used to develop the tomato parthenocarpic varieties with high seedless fruit yields and quality.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and material
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
Code availability
Not applicable.
Abbreviations
- Aux/IAA :
-
Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid induced gene;
- PAT :
-
Parthenocarpic fruit
- ARF :
-
Auxin Response Factor
- ETR :
-
Ethylene receptor
- EMS:
-
Ethyl methanesulfonate
- FCSA:
-
Fruit cross section area
- STAR:
-
Statistic Tools for Agricultural Research
- NBRP:
-
National BioResource Project
- HVRDC:
-
High-quality Vegetable Research and Development Center
References
Abdi H, Williams LJ (2010) Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Encycloped Res Des 3(1):1–5
Ariizumi T, Shinozaki Y, Ezura H (2013) Genes that influence yield in tomato. Breed Sci 63(1):3–13
Chaïb J, Devaux M-F, Grotte M-G, Robini K, Causse M, Lahaye M, Marty I (2007) Physiological relationships among physical, sensory, and morphological attributes of texture in tomato fruits. J Exp Bot 58(8):1915–1925
Czerednik A, Busscher M, Angenent GC, de Maagd RA (2015) The cell size distribution of tomato fruit can be changed by overexpression of CDKA 1. Plant Biotechnol J 13(2):259–268
de Moraes PJ, Grossi JAS, de Araújo TS, da Silva DJH, Cecon PR, Barbosa JG (2005) Ornamental tomato growth and fruiting response to paclobutrazol. Acta Hort 683:327
Dias D, Ribeiro F, Dias L, Silva D, Vidigal D (2006) Tomato seed quality harvested from different trusses. Seed Sci Technol 34(3):681–689
Du M, Zhou K, Liu Y, Deng L, Zhang X, Lin L, Zhou M, Zhao W, Wen C, Xing J (2020) A biotechnology-based male-sterility system for hybrid seed production in tomato. Plant J 102(5):1090–1100
Fernandez-Munoz R, Gonzalez-Fernandez J, Cuartero J (1994) Methods for testing the fertility of tomato pollen formed at low temperature. J Hortic Sci 69(6):1083–1088
Fos M, Nuez F, García-Martínez JL, (2000) The gene pat-2, which induces natural parthenocarpy, alters the gibberellin content in unpollinated tomato ovaries. Plant Physiol 122(2):471–480
Giacomelli G, Ting K, Mears D, Jones R (1994) Single truss tomato production system: design, operation and management aspects. In: 25th agricultural plastics congress american society for plasticulture, St Augustine, Kentucky, pp 28–33
Gorguet B, Van Heusden A, Lindhout P (2005) Parthenocarpic fruit development in tomato. Plant Biol 7(02):131–139
Guilfoyle TJ, Hagen G (2007) Auxin response factors. Curr Opin Plant Biol 10(5):453–460
IPGRI (1996) Descriptors for tomato (Lycopersicon Spp.). In: vol 21. Bioversity International, p 47
Johkan M, Chiba T, Mitsukuri K, Yamasaki S, Tanaka H, Mishiba K-i, Morikawa T, Oda M, Yamamoto C, Ohkawa H (2010) Seed production enhanced by antiauxin in the pat-2 parthenocarpic tomato mutant. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 135(1):3–8
Li W, Chetelat RT (2015) Unilateral incompatibility gene ui1 1 encodes an S-locus F-box protein expressed in pollen of Solanum species. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112(14):4417–4422
Lin S, George WL, Splittstoesser W (1984) Expression and inheritance of parthenocarpy in ‘Severianin’tomato. J Hered 75(1):62–66
Liu S, Zhang Y, Feng Q, Qin L, Pan C, Lamin-Samu AT, Lu G (2018) Tomato AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 5 regulates fruit set and development via the mediation of auxin and gibberellin signaling. Sci Rep 8(1):1–16
Logendra LS, Gianfagna TJ, Specca DR, Janes HWJH (2001) Greenhouse tomato limited cluster production systems: crop management practices affect yield. Hortscience 36(5):893–896
Lukyanenko A (1991) Parthenocarpy in tomato. Genetic improvement of tomato, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, pp 99–119
Magwaza LS, Opara UL (2015) Analytical methods for determination of sugars and sweetness of horticultural products—A review. Sci Hortic 184:179–192
Martí E, Gisbert C, Bishop GJ, Dixon MS, García-Martínez JL (2006) Genetic and physiological characterization of tomato cv Micro-Tom. J Exp Bot 57(9):2037–2047
Mazzucato A, Taddei AR, Soressi GP (1998) The parthenocarpic fruit (pat) mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) sets seedless fruits and has aberrant anther and ovule development. Development 125(1):107–114
Moretti CL, Sargent SA, Huber DJ, Calbo AG, Puschmann R (1998) Chemical composition and physical properties of pericarp, locule, and placental tissues of tomatoes with internal bruising. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 123(4):656–660
Okabe Y, Yamaoka T, Ariizumi T, Ushijima K, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Sakakibara H, Kusano M, Shinozaki Y, Pulungan SI (2019) Aberrant stamen development is associated with parthenocarpic fruit set through up-regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis in tomato. Plant Cell Physiol 60(1):38–51
Pesaresi P, Mizzotti C, Colombo M, Masiero S (2014) Genetic regulation and structural changes during tomato fruit development and ripening. Front Plant Sci 5:124
Philouze J (1989) Natural parthenocarpy in tomato. IV. A study of the polygenic control of parthenocarpy in line 75/59. Agronomie 9(1):63–75
Picarella ME, Mazzucato A (2019) The occurrence of seedlessness in higher plants; insights on roles and mechanisms of parthenocarpy. Front Plant Sci 9:1997
Rodríguez G, Strecker J, Brewer M, Gonzalo MJ, Anderson C, Lang L, Sullivan D, Wagner E, Strecker B, Drushal R (2010) Tomato analyzer user manual version 3. PDF document http://www.oardc.ohio-stateedu/vanderknaap/files/Tomato_Analyzer_3 0_Manual pdf
Saito T, Ariizumi T, Okabe Y, Asamizu E, Hiwasa-Tanase K, Fukuda N, Mizoguchi T, Yamazaki Y, Aoki K, Ezura H (2011) TOMATOMA: a novel tomato mutant database distributing Micro-Tom mutant collections. Plant Cell Physiol 52(2):283–296
Setiawan AB, Murti RH, Purwantoro A (2016) Seedlessness and Fruit Quality Traits of Gibberellin Induced Parthenocarpic Fruit in Seven Tomato Genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). J Agric Sci 8(4) (4):84–91
Shinozaki Y, Hao S, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Ozeki-Iida Y, Zheng Y, Fei Z, Zhong S, Giovannoni JJ, Rose JK (2015) Ethylene suppresses tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit set through modification of gibberellin metabolism. Plant J 83(2):237–251
Srinivasan R (2010) Safer tomato production techniques: a field guide for soil fertility and pest management. In, vol 10. vol 740. AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center, p 97
Takisawa R, Koeda S, Nakazaki T (2019) Effects of the pat-2 gene and auxin biosynthesis inhibitor on seed production in parthenocarpic tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Hortic J 88(4):481–487
Takisawa R, Maruyama T, Nakazaki T, Kataoka K, Saito H, Koeda S, Nunome T, Fukuoka H, Kitajima A (2017) Parthenocarpy in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar ‘MPK-1’is controlled by a novel parthenocarpic gene. Hortic J:487–492
Ueta R, Abe C, Watanabe T, Sugano SS, Ishihara R, Ezura H, Osakabe Y, Osakabe K (2017) Rapid breeding of parthenocarpic tomato plants using CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 7(1):1–8
Vardy E, Lapushner D, Genizi A, Hewitt J (1989) Genetics of parthenocarpy in tomato under a low temperature regime: II Cultivar ‘Severianin.’ Euphytica 41(1–2):9–15
Wang H, Jones B, Li Z, Frasse P, Delalande C, Regad F, Chaabouni S, Latche A, Pech J-C, Bouzayen M (2005) The tomato Aux/IAA transcription factor IAA9 is involved in fruit development and leaf morphogenesis. Plant Cell 17(10):2676–2692
Zhang J, Chen R, Xiao J, Qian C, Wang T, Li H, Ouyang B, Ye Z (2007) A single-base deletion mutation in SlIAA9 gene causes tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) entire mutant. J Plant Res 120(6):671–678
Acknowledgements
The seeds of Micro-Tom tomato, ID: TOMPJE2811 (iaa9-3) was provided by the National BioResource Project tomato mutant archive of the University of Tsukuba, Japan (http://tomatoma.nbrp.jp). The seeds of V62 line were provided by High-quality Vegetable Research and Development Center, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (http://vnua.edu.vn). Long Thien Tran acknowledges to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan to provide the scholarship to conduct the current research under the MEXT Special Scholarship Program on Trans-world Professional Human Resources Development Program on Food Security & Natural Resources Management (TPHRD) for Doctoral Course. We thank E. Joseph Addison (M.A., English Composition and Communication, Central Michigan University, 2012) for help with English language editing.
Funding
The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Conceptualization: LTT, MHN, HE; methodology: LTT; MHN; formal analysis and investigation: LTT, ATN, LTN, MTN, LTT, DTTT, SVT; data curation: LTT, ATN, LTN, MTN; Writing–origin draft preparation: LTT, ATN; Writing—review and editing: LTT, ATN, KH, KS, HE; resources: MHN, KH, HE; supervision: MHN, HE. All authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Ethical Approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tran, L.T., Nguyen, A.T., Nguyen, M.H. et al. Developing new parthenocarpic tomato breeding lines carrying iaa9-3 mutation. Euphytica 217, 139 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02853-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02853-5