Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of a novel reduced height gene (Rht23) regulating panicle morphology and plant architecture in bread wheat

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Plant height and spikelet density are important agronomic traits related to plant architecture and grain yield in wheat. The development of wheat mutants not only provided new genetic resources for wheat improvement, but also facilitated our understanding of the regulation of these traits at the molecular level. Here, we report the identification of a dwarf mutant with a compact spike. NAUH164, produced from ethyl methyl sulfonate treatment of wheat variety Sumai 3, has reduced plant height and shortened spike length. Microscopic observations showed that the mutant has an atypical vascular bundle arrangement and overall smaller cell volumes. Sensitivity of seedlings to exogenous gibberellin was not changed, and plant height was not restored to the level of the wildtype. Dwarfness and compact spike were controlled by a single dominant gene that was designated Rht23, which was mapped 4.7 cM distal to SSR marker Gdm63 and 11.1 cM proximal to Barc110 on chromosome 5DL. Comparative sequence analysis of the co-linear regions in common wheat and Aegilops taushii indicated that Rht23 occurs in a physical interval of 8.5 Mb.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmad M, Sorrells ME (2002) Distribution of microsatellite alleles linked to Rht8 dwarfing gene in wheat. Euphytica 123:235–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassam BJ, Anolle´s GC, Gresshoff PM (1991) Fast and sensitive silver staining of DNA in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 196:80–83

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Börner A, Röder M, Korzun V (1997) Comparative molecular mapping of GA insensitive Rht loci on chromosomes 4B and 4D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 95:1133–1137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bossolini E, Krattinger SG, Keller B (2006) Development of simple sequence repeat markers specific for the Lr34 resistance region of wheat using sequence information from rice and Aegilops tauschii. Theor Appl Genet 113:1049–1062

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Phillips AL, Condon AG, Parry MA, Hu YG (2013) GA-responsive dwarfing gene Rht12 affects the developmental and agronomic traits in common bread wheat. PLoS ONE 8(4):e62285

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choe S, Fujioka S, Noguchi T, Takatsuto S, Yoshida S, Feldmann KA (2001) Overexpression of DWARF4 in the brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway results in increased vegetative growth and seed yield in Arabidopsis. Plant J 26:573–582

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daoura BG, Chen L, Hu Y (2013) Agronomic traits affected by dwarfing gene ‘Rht-5’ in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Aust J Crop Sci 7:1270–1276

    Google Scholar 

  • Devos K, Gale MD (1992) The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 84:567–572

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duan J, Wu J, Liu Y, Xiao J, Zhao G, Gu Y, Jia J, Kong X (2012) New cis-regulatory elements in the Rht-D1b locus region of wheat. Funct Integr Genomics 12:489–500

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis H, Spielmeyer W, Gale R, Rebetzke J, Richards A (2002) “Perfect” markers for the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 105:1038–1042

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faris JD, Haen KM, Gill BS (1999) Saturation mapping of a gene-rich recombination hot spot region in wheat. Genetics 154:823–835

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujioka S, Yamane H, Spray CR, Katsumi M, Phinney BO, Gaskin P, MacMillan J, Takahashi N (1988) The dominant non-gibberellin-responding dwarf mutant (D8) of maize accumulates native gibberellins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:9031–9035

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gale MD, Youssefian S, Russell G (1985) Dwarfing genes in wheat. Prog Plant Breed 1:35

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasperini D, Greenland A, Hedden P, Dreos R, Harwood W, Griffiths S (2012) Genetic and physiological analysis of Rht8 in bread wheat: an alternative source of semi-dwarfism with a reduced sensitivity to brassinosteroids. J Exp Bot 63:4419–4436

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gegas VC, Nazari A, Griffiths S, Simmonds J, Fish L, Orford S, Sayers L, Doonan JH, Snape JW (2010) A genetic framework for grain size and shape variation in wheat. Plant Cell 22:1046–1056

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gomi K, Matsuoka M (2003) Gibberellin signalling pathway. Curr Opin Plant Biol 6:489–493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guo S, Xu Y, Liu H, Mao Z, Zhang C, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Meng Z, Chong K (2013) The interaction between OsMADS57 and OsTB1 modulates rice tillering via DWARF14. Nat Commun 4:1566

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hedden P (2003) The genes of the green revolution. Trends Genet 19:5–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu J, Zhu L, Zeng D, Gao Z, Guo L, Fang Y, Zhang G, Dong G, Yan M, Liu J (2010) Identification and characterization of NARROW AND ROLLED LEAF 1, a novel gene regulating leaf morphology and plant architecture in rice. Plant Mol Biol 73:283–292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda A, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Sonoda Y, Kitano H, Koshioka M, Futsuhara Y, Matsuoka M, Yamaguchi J (2001) Slender rice, a constitutive gibberellin response mutant, is caused by a null mutation of the SLR1 gene, an ortholog of the height-regulating gene GAI/RGA/RHT/D8. Plant Cell 13:999–1010

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jia J, Zhao S, Kong X, Li Y, Zhao G, He W, Appels R, Pfeifer M, Tao Y, Zhang X et al (2013) Aegilops tauschii draft genome sequence reveals a gene repertoire for wheat adaptation. Nature 496:91–95

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korzun V, Röder M, Worland A, Börner A (1997) Intrachromosomal mapping of genes for dwarfing (Rht12) and vernalization response (Vrn1) in wheat by using RFLP and microsatellite markers. Plant Breed 116:227–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korzun V, Röder M, Ganal M, Worland A, Law C (1998) Genetic analysis of the dwarfing gene (Rht8) in wheat. Part I. molecular mapping of Rht8 on the short arm of chromosome 2D of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 96:1104–1109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosambi D (1944) The estimation of map distances from recombination values. Ann Eugen 12:172–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lanahan MB, Ho TD (1988) Slender barley: a constitutive gibberellin response mutant. Planta 175:107–114

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Le J, Liu X, Yang K, Chen X, Zou J, Wang H, Wang M, Vanneste S, Morita M, Tasaka M (2014) Auxin transport and activity regulate stomatal patterning and development. Nat Commun 5:3090. doi:10.1038/ncomms4090

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Xiao J, Wu J, Duan J, Liu Y, Ye X, Zhang X, Guo X, Gu Y, Zhang L, Jia J, Kong X (2012) A tandem segmental duplication (TSD) in green revolution gene Rht-D1b region underlies plant height variation. New Phytol 196:282–291

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh RA, Yamazaki Y, Dubcovsky J, Rogers WJ, Morris C, Appels R, Xia X (2013) Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat. In: Proceedings of 12th International wheat genetics Symposium, Yokohama, Japan. http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/wheat/komugi/genes/macgene/2013/GeneCatalogueIntroduction.pdf

  • Minakuchi K, Kameoka H, Yasuno N, Umehara M, Luo L, Kobayashi K, Hanada A, Ueno K, Asami T, Yamaguchi S (2010) Fine culm1 (FC1) works downstream of strigolactones to inhibit the outgrowth of axillary buds in rice. Plant Cell Physiol 51:1127–1135

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami Y (1970) New rice seedling test for gibberellins-microdrop method. Jpn Agric Res Q 5:5–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa M, Kusano T, Katsumi M, Sano H (2000) Rice gibberellin-insensitive gene homolog, ‘OsGAI’, encodes a nuclear-localized protein capable of gene activation at transcriptional level. Gene 245:21–29

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peng J, Carol P, Richards DE, King KE, Cowling RJ, Murphy GP, Harberd NP (1997) The Arabidopsis GAI gene defines a signaling pathway that negatively regulates gibberellin responses. Genes Dev 11:3194–3205

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peng J, Richards DE, Hartley NM, Murphy GP, Devos KM, Flintham JE, Beales J, Fish LJ, Worland AJ, Pelica F (1999) “Green revolution” genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators. Nature 400:256–261

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peng Z, Li X, Yang Z, Liao M (2011) A new reduced height gene found in the tetraploid semi-dwarf wheat landrace Aiganfanmai. Genet Mol Res 10:2349–2357

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qi L, Echalier B, Chao S, Lazo G, Butler G, Anderson O, Akhunov E, Dvořák J, Linkiewicz A, Ratnasiri A (2004) A chromosome bin map of 16,000 expressed sequence tag loci and distribution of genes among the three genomes of polyploid wheat. Genetics 168:701–712

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qi J, Qian Q, Bu Q, Li S, Chen Q, Sun J, Liang W, Zhou Y, Chu C, Li X (2008) Mutation of the rice Narrow leaf1 gene, which encodes a novel protein, affects vein patterning and polar auxin transport. Plant Physiol 147:1947–1959

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rebetzke G, Richards R (2000) Gibberellic acid-sensitive dwarfing genes reduce plant height to increase kernel number and grain yield of wheat. Crop Pasture Sci 51:235–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rebetzke G, Ellis M, Bonnett D, Condon A, Falk D, Richards R (2011) The ‘Rht13’ dwarfing gene reduces peduncle length and plant height to increase grain number and yield of wheat. Field Crop Res 124:323–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sampedro J, Cosgrove DJ (2005) The expansin superfamily. Genome Biol 6(12):242

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki A, Ashikari M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Itoh H, Nishimura A, Swapan D, Ishiyama K, Saito T, Kobayashi M, Khush G (2002) Green revolution: a mutant gibberellin-synthesis gene in rice. Nature 416:701–702

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simons KJ, Fellers JP, Trick HN, Zhang Z, Tai Y-S, Gill BS, Faris JD (2006) Molecular characterization of the major wheat domestication gene Q. Genetics 172:547–555

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Somers DJ, Isaac P, Edwards K (2004) A high-density microsatellite consensus map for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 109:1105–1114

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Ooijen JW (2006) JoinMap®4 Software for the calculation of genetic linkage maps in experimental populations. Kyazma BV, Wageningen

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Li J (2008) Molecular basis of plant architecture. Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:253–279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wen W, Deng Q, Jia H, Wei L, Wei J, Wan H, Yang L, Cao W, Ma Z (2013) Sequence variations of the partially dominant DELLA gene Rht-B1c in wheat and their functional impacts. J Exp Bot 64:3299–3312

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Worland A, Korzun V, Röder M, Ganal M, Law C (1998) Genetic analysis of the dwarfing gene Rht8 in wheat. Part II. The distribution and adaptive significance of allelic variants at the Rht8 locus of wheat as revealed by microsatellite screening. Theor Appl Genet 96:1110–1120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Worland A, Sayers E, Korzun V (2001) Allelic variation at the dwarfing gene Rht8 locus and its significance in international breeding programmes. Euphytica 119:157–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xue S, Zhang Z, Lin F, Kong Z, Cao Y, Li C, Yi H, Mei M, Zhu H, Wu J (2008) A high-density intervarietal map of the wheat genome enriched with markers derived from expressed sequence tags. Theor Appl Genet 117:181–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Yang S, Zhou Y, He Z, Xia X (2006) Distribution of the Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht8 reduced height genes in autumn-sown Chinese wheats detected by molecular markers. Euphytica 152:109–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Belcram H, Gornicki P, Charles M, Just J, Huneau C, Magdelenat G, Couloux A, Samain S, Gill BS (2011) Duplication and partitioning in evolution and function of homoeologous Q loci governing domestication characters in polyploid wheat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:18737–18742

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Y, Wang Z (2011) Contrast observation and investigation of wheat endosperm transfer cells and nucellar projection transfer cells. Plant Cell Rep 30:1281-1288

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant no. BE2012306 and BE2013439), the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (Grant no. B08025), a Project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), Project Development of Seed Industry for Shanghai Agricultural World (2012), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant no. KYZ201202) and high-level talents in six industries of Jiangsu province.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Shulin Chen, Runhong Gao, Haiyan Wang, Mingxing Wen, Jin Xiao, Nengfei Bian, Ruiqi Zhang, Shunhe Cheng & Xiue Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Low & Middle Yangtze River Valley Wheat Region (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzijiang North Road 568, Yangzhou, 225007, Jiangsu, China

    Shulin Chen, Wenjing Hu, Shunhe Cheng & Tongde Bie

  3. Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beizhai Road 2901, Shanghai, 201106, China

    Runhong Gao

  4. Zhenjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ninghang Road 112, Huayang, Jurong, 212400, Jiangsu, China

    Mingxing Wen

Authors
  1. Shulin Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Runhong Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Haiyan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mingxing Wen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jin Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Nengfei Bian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ruiqi Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Wenjing Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Shunhe Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Tongde Bie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Xiue Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Tongde Bie or Xiue Wang.

Additional information

Shulin Chen and Runhong Gao have contributed equally to this work.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 29 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chen, S., Gao, R., Wang, H. et al. Characterization of a novel reduced height gene (Rht23) regulating panicle morphology and plant architecture in bread wheat. Euphytica 203, 583–594 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-014-1275-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-014-1275-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation