Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Plant transposable elements, with an emphasis on grass species

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Transposable elements are presents in all known genomes so far, and have the faculty of changing their genomic location and/or number of copies within the genome. They are mobile endogenous genetic elements, with a large variety of structure and transposition mechanism. In crops, they compose the major part of the nucleic DNA, up to 80% in some cereals like maize and wheat. Despite their omnipresence, they are largely unknown and uncharacterized within the Poaceae family. In this review, we describe a possible classification of the elements present in this family, some of their known transposition mechanism, their known activity and possible action in crops, and their possible origin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adé, J. & F.J. Belzile, 1999. Hairpin elements, the first family of foldback transposons (FTs) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 19(5): 591–597.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ananiev, E.V., R.L. Phillips & H.W. Rines, 1998. Chromosome-specific molecular organization of maize (Zea mays L.) centromeric regions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 13073–13078.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arkhipova, I. & M. Meselson, 2000. Transposable elements in sexual and ancient asexual taxa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(26): 14473–14477.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnaud, Ph., Y. Yukawa, L. Lavie, T. Pélissier, M. Suguira & J.M. Deragon, 2001. Analysis of the SINE S1 Pol III promoter from Brassica; impact of methylation and influence of external sequences. Plant J 26(3): 295–305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avramova, Z., A., Tikhonov, Ph. SanMiguel, Y.-K., Jin, C., Liu, S.-S., Woo, R.A. Wing & J.L., Bennetzen, 1996. Gene identification in a complex chromosomal continuum by local genomic cross-referencing. Plant J 10(6): 1163–1168.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bannister, J.V. & M.W., Parker, 1985. The presence of a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in the bacterium Photobacterium leiognathi: A likely case of gene transfer from eucaryotes to prokaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82(1) 149–152.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baulcombe, D.C., 2000. Unwiding RNA silencing. Science 290: 1108–1109.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beall, R. & D.C. Rio, 1996. Drosophila IRBP/Ku p70 corresponds to the mutagen-sensitive mus309 gene and is involved in P-element excision in vivo. Genes Dev 10(8): 921–933.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bender, J., 1998. Cytosine methylation of repeated sequences in eukaryotes: The role of DNA pairing. TIBS 23: 252–256.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennetzen, J.L., 2000. Transposable element contributions to plant gene and genome evolution. Plant Mol Biol 42: 251–269.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennetzen, J.L., 2002. Mechanism and rates of genome expansion and contraction in flowering plants. Genetica 115: 29–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya, M.K., A.M. Smith, T.H. Ellis, C. Hedley & C. Martin, 1990. The wrinkled-seed character of pea described by Mendel is caused by a transposon-like insertion in a gene encoding starch-branching enzyme. Cell 60(1): 115–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boeke, J.D., 1989. Transposable elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In: D.E. Berg & M.H. Howe (Eds.): Mobile DNA, pp. 335–374, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boutabout, M., M. Wilhelm & F.-X. Wilhelm, 2001. DNA synthesis fidelity by the reverse transcriptase of the yeast retrotransposon Tyl. Nucleic Acids Res 29(11): 2217–2222.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, N.J. & J.F. McDonald, 2001. Drosophila euchromatic LTR retrotransposons are much younger than the host species in which they reside. Genome Res 11: 1527–1540.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bureau, T.E. & S.R. Wessler, 1994a. Mobile inverted-repeat elements of the Tourist family are associated with the genes of many cereal grasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 1411–1415.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bureau, T.E. & S.R. Wessler, 1994b. Stowaway: A new family of inverted repeat elements associated with the genes of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Plant Cell 6: 907–916.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bureau, T.E., S.E. White & S.R. Wessler, 1994. Transduction of a cellular gene by a plant retroelement. Cell 77: 479–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capy, P., 2003 (Eds.). Proceedings of the Xle colloque Elements Transposables, Montpellier, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capy, P., C., Bazin, D. Higuet & Th. Langin, 1998 (Eds.). Dynamics and Evolution of Transposable Elements Springer, Landes Biosciences, Library of Congress, Austin, Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casa. A.M., C. Brouwer, A. Nagel, L. Wang, Q. Zhang, S. Kresovich & S.R. Wessler, 2000. The MITE family HeartBreaker (Hbr): Molecular markers in maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(18): 10083–10089.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chantret, N., A. Cenci, F. Sabot, O. Anderson & J. Dubcovsky, 2004. Sequencing of the Triticum monococcum hardness locus reveals good microcolinearity with rice. Mol Genet Genomics 271: 377–386.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, C., S. Tsuchimoto, H. Ohtsubo, E. Ohtsubo, 2000. Tnr8, a foldback transposable element from rice. Genes Genet Syst 75: 327–333.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chopra, S., V. Brendel, J. Zhang, A.D. Axtell & Th. Peterson, 1999. Molecular characterization of a mutable pigmentation phenotype and isolation of the first active transposable element from Sorghum bicolor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96(26): 15330-15335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, A., E. Hartswood, T. Paterson & D.J. Finnegan, 1997. A LINE-like transposable element in Drosophila, the I factor, encodes a protein with properties similar to those of retroviral nucleocapsids. EMBO J 16(14): 4448–4455.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deininger, P.L., H. Tiedge, J. Kim & J. Brosius, 1996. Evolution, expression, and possible function of a master gene for amplification of an interspersed repeated DNA family in rodents. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 52: 67–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deragon, J.M., N. Gilbert, L. Rouquet, A. Lenoir, Ph. Arnaud & G. Picard, 1996. A transcriptional analysis of the Slsn (Brassica napus) family of SINE retroposons. Plant Mol Biol 32: 869–878.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deragon, J.M., B.S. Landry, T. Pelissier, S. Tutois, S. Tourmente & G. Picard, 1994. An analysis of retroposition in plants based on a family of SINEs from Brassica napus. J Mol Evol 39: 378–386.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devos, K.M., J.K.M. Brown & J.L. Bennetzen, 2002. Genome size reduction through illegitimate recombination counteracts genome expansion in Arabidopsis. Genome Res 12: 1075–1079.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dong, F., J.T. Miller, S.A. Jackson, G.-L. Wang, P.C. Ronald & J. Jiang, 1998. Rice (Oryza sativd) centromeric regions consist of complex DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 8135–8140.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doolittle, W.F. & C. Sapienza, 1980. Selfish genes, the phenotype paradigm and genome evolution. Nature 284: 601–603.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eickbush, T.H., 1999. Exon shuffling in retrospect. Science 283: 1465–1467.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elrouby, N. & T.E. Bureau, 2001. A novel hybrid ORF formed by multiple cellular gene transductions by a plant LTR-retroelement. J Biol Chem 276(45): 41963–41968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fedoroff, N.V., 2000. Transposons and genome evolution in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(13): 7002–7007.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fedoroff, N.V., S.R. Wessler & M. Shure, 1983. Isolation of the transposable maize controlling elements Ac and Ds. Cell 35(1): 235–242.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feschotte, C., L. Swamy & S.R. Wessler, 2003. Genome-wide Analysis of mariner-like transposable elements in rice reveals complex relationships with Stowaway MITEs. Genetics 163: 747–758

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feschotte, C. & S.R., Wessler, 2001. Treasures in the attic: Rolling circle transposons discovered in eukaryotic genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(16): 8923–8924.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flavell, A.J., 1999. Long terminal repeat retrotransposons jump between species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96(22): 12211-12212.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flavell, A.J., D.B. Smith & A. Kumar, 1992. Extreme heterogeneity of Copia-Ty family retrotransposons in plants. Mol Gen Genet 231(2): 233–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flavell, R.B., J. Rimpau & D.B. Smith, 1977. Repeated sequence DNA relationship in four cereals genomes. Chromosoma 63: 205–222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukui, K.-N., G. Suzuki, E.S. Lagudah, S. Rahman, R. Appels, M. Yamamoto & Y. Mukai, 2001. Physical arrangement of retrotransposon-related repeats in centromeric regions of wheat. Plant Cell Physiol 42(2): 189–196.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabriel, A., M. Willems, E.H. Mules & J.D. Boeke, 1996. Replication infidelity during a single cycle of Ty retrotransposition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 7767–71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M.J. Giroux, M. Clancy, J. Baier, L. Ingham, D. McCarty & L.C. Hannah, 1994. De novo synthesis of an intron by the maize transposable element Dissociation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 12150–12154.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, T.J.D. & R.T.M. Poulter, 2001. The DIRS 1 group of retrotransposons. Mol Biol Evol 18(11): 2067–2082.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harberd, N.P., R.B. Flavell & R.D. Thompson, 1987. Identification of a transposon-like insertion in a Glu-1 allele of wheat. Mol Gen Genet 209: 326–332.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henikoff, S. & M.A. Matzke, 1997. Exploring and explaining epigenetic effects. Trends In Genetics 13(8): 293–295.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hickey, D.A., 1982. Selfish DNA: A sexually-transmitted nuclear parasite. Genetics 101: 519–531.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirochika, H., 1995. Activation of plant retrotransposons by stress. In: Modification of Gene Expression and Non-Mendelian Inheritance. NIAR, Japan, pp. 15–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, J., V.S. Reddy & S.R. Wessler, 2000. The rice R gene family: Two distinct subfamilies containing several miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements. Plant Mol Biol 42: 667–678.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hull, R., 1999. Classification of reverse transcribing elements: A discussion document. Arch Virol 144(1): 209–214.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwamoto, M. & K. Higo, 2003. Tourist C transposable elements are closely associated with genes expressed in flowers in rice (Oryza sativa). Mol Genet Genomics 268: 771–778.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jääskeläinen, M.J., A.H. Mykkanen, T. Arna, C.M. Vicient, A. Suoniemi, R. Kalendar, H. Savilahti & A.H. Schulman, 1999. Retrotransposon BARE-1: Expression of encoded proteins and formation of virus-like particles in barley cells. Plant J 20(4): 413–422.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, N., Z., Bao, S., Temnykh, Z., Cheng, J., Jiang, R.A., Wing, S.R. McCouch & S.R., Wessler, 2002. Dasheng: A recently amplified nonautonomous LTR element that is a major component of pericentromeric regions in rice. Genetics 161(3): 1293–1305.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, N., Z. Bao, X. Zhang, H. Hirochika, S.R. Eddy, S.R. McCouch & S.R. Wessler, 2003. An active DNA transposon family in rice. Nature 421: 163–167.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, N., K. Jordan & S.R. Wessler, 2002. Dasheng and RIRE2. A nonautonomous long terminal repeat element and its putative autonomous partner in the rice genome. Plant Physiol 130: 1697–1705.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, N. & S.R. Wessler, 2001. Insertion preference of maize and rice miniature inverted repeat transposable elements as revealed by the analysis of nested element. Plant Cell 13: 2553–2564.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, I.K., L.V. Matyunina & J.F. McDonald, 1999. Evidence for the recent horizontal transfer of long terminal repeat retrotransposon. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96(22): 12621–12625.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jurka, J., 1997. Sequence patterns indicate an enzymatic involvement in integration of mammalian retroposons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 1872–1877.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jurka, J., 1998. Repeats in genomic DNA: Mining and meaning. Curr Opin Struct Biol 8: 333–337.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalendar, R., J. Tanskanen, S. Immonen, E. Nevo & A.H. Schulman, 2000. Genome evolution of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) by BARE-1 retrotransposon dynamics in response to sharp microclimatic divergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(12): 6603–6607.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalendar, R., C.M. Vicient, O. Peleg, Anamthawat-K. Jonsson, A. Bolshoy & A.H. Schulman, 2004. LArge Retrotransposon Derivatives: Abundant, conserved but nonautonomous retroelements of Barley and related genomes. Genetics 166: 1437–1450.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapitonov, V.V. & J. Jurka, 2001. Rolling-circle transposons in eukaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(15): 8714–8719.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kashkush, K., M. Feldman & A.A. Levy, 2002. Gene loss, silencing and activation in a newly synthesized wheat allotetraploid. Genetics 160: 1651–1659.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kashkush, K., M. Feldman & A.A. Levy, 2003. Transcriptional activation of retrotransposons alters the expression of adjacent genes in wheat. Nat Genet 33: 102–106.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kempken, F. & F. Windhofer, 2001. The hAT family: A versatile transposon group. Chromosoma 110: 1–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kidwell, M.G. & D. Lisch, 1997. Transposable elements as sources of variation in animals and plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 7704–7711.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi, K., K. Terauchi, M. Wada & H.-Y. Hirano, 2003. The plant MITE mPING is mobilized in anther culture. Nature 421: 167–170.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kishii, M., K. Nagaki & H. Tsujimoto, 2001. A tandem repetitive sequence located in the centromeric region of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) chromosomes. Chromosome Res 9: 417–428.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kloeckener-Gruissem, B. & M. Freeling, 1995. Transposon-induced promoter scrambling: A mechanism for the evolution of new alleles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 1836–1840.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolosha, V.O. & S.L. Martin, 1997. In vitro properties of the first ORF protein from mouse LINE-1 support its role in ribonucleoprotein particle formation during retrotransposition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 10155–10160.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A. & J.L. Bennetzen, 1999. Plant retrotransposons. Annu Rev Genet 33: 479–532.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A. & J.L. Bennetzen, 2000. Retrotransposons: Central players in the structure, evolution and function of plant genomes. Trends Plant Sci 5(12): 509–510.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A. & H. Hirochika, 2001. Applications of retrotransposons as genetics tools in plants biology. Trends Plant Sci 6(3): 127-134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumekawa, N., E. Ohtsubo & H. Ohtsubo, 1999. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Gypsy-type retrotransposons in the plant kingdom. Genes Genet Syst 74: 299–307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lal, S.K., M.J. Giroux, V. Brendel, C.E. Vallejos & L.C. Hannah, 2003. The maize genome contains a Helitron insertion. Plant Cell 15: 381–391.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langdon, T., G. Jenkins, R. Hasterok & I.P. King, 2003. A high-copy-number CACTA family transposon in temperate grasses and cereals. Genetics 163: 1097–1108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawson, E.J.R., S.R. Scofield, C. Sjodin, J.D.G. Jones & C. Dean, 1994. Modification of the 5′ untranslated leader region of the maize Activator element leads to increased activity in Arabidopsis. Mol Gen Genet 245: 608–615.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lenoir, A., L. Lavie, J.-L. Prieto, C. Goubely, J.-C. Cote, T. Pelissier & J.M. Deragon, 2001. The evolutionary origin and genomic organization of SINEs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Biol Evol 18(12): 2315–2322.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahillon, J. & M. Chandler, 1998. Insertion sequences. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 62(3): 725–774.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malik, H.S. & T.H. Eickbush, 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of ribonuclease H domains suggests a late, chimeric origin of LTR retrotransposable element and retroviruses. Genome Res 11: 1187–1197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsukoa, Y. & K. Tsunewaki, 1996. Wheat retrotransposon families identified by reverse transcriptase domain analysis. Mol Biol Evol 13(10): 1384–1392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matyunina, L.V., I.K. Jordan & J.F. McDonald, 1996. Naturally occuring variation in Copia expression is due to both element (cis) and host (trans) regulatory variation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 7097–7102.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClintock, B., 1950. Mutable loci in maize. In: Carnegie Institute of Washington Year Book, pp. 174–181, Washington.

  • McClintock, B., 1984. Significance of responses of the genome to challenge. Science 226: 792–801.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J.T., F. Dong, S.A. Jackson, J. Song & J. Jiang, 1998. Retrotransposon-related DNA sequences in the centromeres of grass chromosomes. Genetics 150: 1615–1623.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mizuuchi, K., 1992. Transpositional recombination: Mechanistic insights from studies of Mu and other elements. Ann Rev Biochem 61: 1011–1051.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Modolell, J., W. Bender & M. Meleson, 1983. Drosophila melanogaster mutations suppressible by the suppressor of Hairy-wing are insertions of a 7.3-kilobases mobile element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80(6): 1678–1682.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J.K. & J.E. Haber, 1996. Capture of retrotransposon DNA at the sites of chromosomal double-strand breaks. Nature 383: 644–646.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moran, J.V., R.J. DeBernardinis & H.H. Kazazian, Jr., 1999. Exon shuffling by LI retrotransposition. Science 283: 1530–1534.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mount, S.M. & G.M. Rubin, 1985. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Drosophila transposable element Copia: Homology between Copia and retroviral proteins. Mol Cell Biol 5(7): 1630–1638.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayashiki, H., K. Ikeda, Y. Hashimoto, Y. Tosa & S. Mayama, 2001. Methylation is not the main force repressing the retrotransposon MAGGY in Magnaporthe grisea. Nucleic Acids Res 29(6): 1278–1284.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nevo, E., 2001. Evolution of genome-phenome diversity under environmental stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(11): 6233–6240.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto, H. & H. Hirochika, 2001. Silencing of transposable element in plants. Trends Plant Sci 6(11): 527–534.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orgel, L.E. & H.C. Crick, 1980. Selfish DNA: The ultimate parasite. Nature 284: 604–607.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pardue, M.L., 2000. Transposable elements: Friends, foes, or merely fellow travelers? Trends Genet 16(4): 155–156.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pastink, A., J.C.J. Eeken & P.H.M. Lohman, 2001. Genomic integrity and the repair of double-strand DNA breaks. Mut Res 480–481: 37–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelissier, T., S. Tutois, J.M. Deragon, S. Tourmente, S. Genestier & G. Picard, 1995. Athila, a new retroelement from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol 29(3): 441–452.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrov, D.A., 2001. Evolution of genome size: New approaches to an old problem. Trends Genet 17(1): 23–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, S.S., 1982. DNA sequence analysis of a Drosophila foldback transposable element rearrangement. Mol Gen Genet 188(1): 107–110.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Presting, G.G., L. Malysheva, J. Fuchs & I. Schubert, 1998. A Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposon-like sequence localizes to the centromeric regions of cereal chromosomes. Plant J 16(6): 721–728.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Preston, B.D., 1996. Error-prone retrotransposition: Rime of the ancient mutators. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 7427–7431.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Purugganan, M.D. & S.R. Wessler, 1994. Molecular evolution of Magellan, a maize Ty3/Gypsy-like retrotransposon. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 11674–11678.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabinowicz, P.D., 2000. Are obese plant genome on a diet? Genome Res 10: 893–894.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raina, R., D. Cook & N.V. Fedoroff, 1993. Maize Spm transposable element has an enhancer-insensitive promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 6355–6359.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rebatchouk, D. & J.O. Narita, 1997. Foldback transposable elements in plant. Plant Mol Biol 34(5): 831–835.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rinehart, T.A., C. Dean & C.F., Weil, 1997. Comparative analysis of non-random DNA repair following Ac transposon excision in maize and Arabidopsis. Plant J 12(6): 1419–1427.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudenko, G.N., A. Ono & V. Walbot, 2003. Initiation of silencing of maize MuDR/Mu transposable elements. Plant J 33: 1013–1025.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rudenko, G.N. & V. Walbot, 2001. Expression and post-transcriptional regulation of maize transposable element MuDR and its derivatives. Plant Cell 13: 553–570.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SanMiguel, Ph., A. Tikhonov, Y.-K. Jin, Motchoulskaia, N., D. Zakharov, A. Melake-Berhan, P.S. Springer, K.J. Edwards, M. Lee, Z. Avramova & J.L. Bennetzen, 1996. Nested retrotransposons in the intergenic regions of the maize genome. Science 274: 765–768.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, T., 1999. LINEs, SINEs and repetitive DNA: Non-LTR retrotransposons in plant genomes. Plant Mol Biol 40: 903-910.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shirasu, K., A.H. Schulman, T. Lahaye & P. Schulze-Lefert, 2000. A contiguous 66-kb barley DNA sequence provides evidence for reversible genome expansion. Genome Res 10(7): 908–915.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suoniemi, A., K. Anamthawat-Jonsson, T. Arna & A.H. Schulman, 1996. Retrotransposon BARE-1 is a major, dispersed component of the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genome. Plant Mol Biol 30: 1321–1329.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takasaki, N., S. Murata, M. Saitoh, T. Kobayashi, L. Park & N. Okada, 1994. Species-specific amplification of tRNA-derived short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) by retroposition: A process of parazitation of entire genome during the evolution of salmonides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 10153–10157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Temin, H.M., 1980. Origin of retro viruses from cellular moveable genetic elements. Cell 21: 599–600.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson-Stewart, D., G.H. Karpen & A.C. Spradling, 1994. A transposable element can drive the concerted evolution of tandemly repetitious DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 9042–9046.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tikhonov, A., L. Lavie, Tatout, Ch., J.L. Bennetzen, Z. Avramova & J.M. Deragon, 2001. Target sites for SINE integration in Brassica genomes display nuclear matrix binding activity. Chromosome Res 9: 325–337.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turcotte, K., S. Srinivasan & T.E. Bureau, 2001. Survey of transposable element from rice genomic sequences. Plant J 25(2): 169–179.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vitte, C. & O. Panaud, 2003. Formation of Solo-LTRs through unequal homologous recombination counterbalances amplifications of LTR retrotransposons. Mol Biol Evol 20(4): 528–540.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volff, J.-N., U. Hornung & M. Schartl, (2001a). Fish retroposons related to the Penelope element of Drosophila virilis define a new group of retrotransposable elements. Mol Genet Genomics 265: 711–720.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volff, J.-N., C. Korting, A. Froschauer, K. Sweeney & M. Scharl, (2001b). Non-LTR retrotransposons encoding a restriction enzyme-like endonuclease in vertebrates. J Mol Evol 52: 351–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walbot, V. & D.A. Petrov, 2001. Gene galaxies in the maize genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(15): 8163–8164.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waldrop, M., 1989. Did life really start out in an RNA world? Science 246(4935): 1248–1249.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wendel, J.F. & S.R. Wessler, 2000. Retrotransposon-mediated genome evolution on a local ecological scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(12): 6250–6252.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wessler, S.R., 2001. Plant transposable element. A hard act to follow. Plant Physiol 125: 149–151.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wessler, S.R., T.E. Bureau & S.E. White, 1995. LTR-retrotransposons and MITEs: Important players in the evolution of plant genomes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 5: 814–821.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, S.E., L.F. Habera & S.R. Wessler, 1994. Retrotransposons in the flanking regions of normal plant genes: A role for Copza-like elements in the evolution of gene structure and expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 11792–11796.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, Th., R. Guyot, N. Yahiaoui &, B. Keller, 2003. CACTA transposon in Triticeae. A diverse family of high-copy repetitive elements. Plant Physiol 132: 52–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witte, C.-P., Q.H. Le, T.E. Bureau & A. Kumar, 2001. Terminal-repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIM) are involved in restructuring plant genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(24): 13778–13783.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong, Y. & T.H., Eickbush, 1990. Origin and evolution of retroelements based upon their reverse transcriptase sequences. EMBO J 9(10): 3353–3362.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamanouchi, K., 2000. Potential risk of genotransplant-associated infections. Transplant Proc 32: 1155–1156.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, G. & T. Hall, 2003. MDM-1 and MDM-2: Two Mwtator-derived MITE families in rice. J Mol Evol 56: 255–264.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yasui, Y., S. Nasuda, Y. Matsukoa & T. Kawahara, 2001. The Au family, a novel short interspersed element (SINE) from Aegilops umbellulata. Theor Appl Genet 102: 463–470.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoder, J.A., C.P. Walsh & T.H. Bestor, 1997. Cytosine methylation and the ecology of intragenomic parasites. Trends Genet 13(8): 335–340.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X., C. Feschotte, Q. Zhang, N. Jiang, W.B. Eggleston & S.R. Wessler, 2001. P instability factor: An active maize transposon system associated with the amplification of Tourist-like MITEs and a new superfamily of transposases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(22): 12572–12577.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X., N. Jiang, C. Feschotte & S.R. Wessler, 2004. PIF- and Pong-like transposable elements: Distribution, evolution and relationship with Tourist-like miniature inverted repeat tranposable elements. Genetics 166: 971–986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR INRA-UBP Amélioration et Santé des Plantes, Domaine de Crouël, 234 Avenue du Brézet, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 2, France

    François Sabot, Delphine Simon & Michel Bernard

Authors
  1. François Sabot
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Delphine Simon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michel Bernard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michel Bernard.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sabot, F., Simon, D. & Bernard, M. Plant transposable elements, with an emphasis on grass species. Euphytica 139, 227–247 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-004-3179-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-004-3179-y

Key words

Search

Navigation