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Complex network analysis of groundwater level in Sina Basin, Maharashtra, India

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Abstract

Monitoring groundwater level provides sufficient information on groundwater quantity and quality and is vital in effective management of water resources. This study applies transfer entropy coupled with directed-weighted complex network for the analysis of groundwater levels in the Sina river-basin, Maharashtra, India. All observation wells present in study area have been classified into five clusters using canopy clustering method. The direction and weight of the links of this complex network have been obtained by employing transfer entropy. Seasonal groundwater level data for pre-monsoon (May) and post-monsoon (October) were obtained from centre for groundwater board, Pune, Maharashtra for the period 1990–2009. Data analysis show that both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater level show significant decreasing trend. The proposed methodology determines the directional relationships between the selected observation wells of different clusters. It recognizes the most influenced well by using node strength and directed clustering coefficients. For each cluster, clustering coefficients and in-strength and out-strength have been calculated. Clustering coefficients for the selected wells of cluster 0 are 1, 1, 1, 0.6844 and 0.6342 which indicates Cluster 0 emerges as the strongest cluster. Similarly, clustering coefficients for cluster 4 are 0.6604, 0.6540, 0.3095, 0.2616 and 0 which means cluster 4 is the weakest among all the clusters formed. Clustering coefficients obtained for all clusters indicate that all wells within a cluster are forming clusters among themselves, however, some are strong whereas others are weak clusters. Therefore, transfer entropy can be effectively applied to groundwater and results obtained from it can be used for forecasting and water resources management.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 800005, India

    Vikram Bharti & Thendiyath Roshni

  2. Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721 302, India

    Madan Kumar Jha

  3. Water Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad Ali Ghorbani

  4. Hydraulic and Irrigation Structures Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Osama Ragab Abdelaziz Ibrahim

  5. Civil Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman

    Osama Ragab Abdelaziz Ibrahim

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  1. Vikram Bharti
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  2. Thendiyath Roshni
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  4. Mohammad Ali Ghorbani
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  5. Osama Ragab Abdelaziz Ibrahim
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Correspondence to Thendiyath Roshni.

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Bharti, V., Roshni, T., Jha, M.K. et al. Complex network analysis of groundwater level in Sina Basin, Maharashtra, India. Environ Dev Sustain (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03375-x

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