Abstract
Steel slag is an industrial by-product of steel production which is obtained during the pyrometallurgical process. Technological dissemination on effective utilization of steel slag in vast quantities globally is essential as the generation of steel is escalating year by year and the availability of steel slag is also in millions of tons. Though steel slag has been used for various applications, large quantities of steel slag have been utilized in the field of construction only. This review focuses on the recent advances on utilization of steel slag in construction sector and the impact of steel slag incorporation has been described in detail. Utilization of steel slag in construction industry as aggregate and cementitious material for the applications toward bricks production, asphalt mixes, radiation shielding concrete, foam concrete, self-compacting concrete, ceramic manufacturing, waterproof mortars and geopolymer composites fabrication has been discussed in detail. Steel slag will be an alternate source to conserve natural resources by utilizing large quantity of steel slag in construction industry.
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Abbreviations
- AAS:
-
Alkali-activated slag
- BF:
-
Blast furnace
- BOF:
-
Basic oxygen furnace
- BSE:
-
Backscattered electrons
- C2S:
-
Dicalcium silicate
- C3S:
-
Tricalcium silicate
- C–S–H:
-
Calcium–silicate–hydrate
- EAF:
-
Electric arc furnace
- EDX:
-
Energy-dispersive x-ray
- EP:
-
Expanded perlite
- EU:
-
European Union
- GBS:
-
Ungrounded blast furnace slag
- GGBS:
-
Granulated blast furnace slag
- HVL:
-
Half value layer
- IF:
-
Induction furnace
- LF:
-
Ladle furnace
- MIP:
-
Mercury intrusion porosimeter
- MT:
-
Metric ton
- OPC:
-
Ordinary portland cement
- P(St-co-HEMA):
-
Poly-styrene-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- PS:
-
Polymeric sulfonates
- RAP:
-
Reclaimed asphalt pavement
- SE:
-
Scanning electron
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
- SF:
-
Steel furnace
- SiC:
-
Silicon carbide
- SS:
-
Stainless steel
- UHPC:
-
Ultra-high-performance concrete
- WMA:
-
Warm mix asphalt
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- XRF:
-
X-ray fluorescence
- °C:
-
Degree celsius
- µm:
-
Micrometre
- cm:
-
Centimeter
- g:
-
Gram
- GPa:
-
GigaPascals
- h:
-
Hours
- J:
-
Joule
- K:
-
Kelvin
- Kg:
-
Kilogram
- L:
-
Litre
- m:
-
Metre
- mm:
-
Millimetre
- MPa:
-
MegaPascal
- s:
-
Second
- W:
-
Watts
- W/B ratio:
-
Water–binder ratio
- wt%:
-
Weight percentage
- β :
-
Beta
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The authors thank the management of Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India for their strong support in research activities.
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VGK and JB conceived the idea for writing this review article and performed literature survey followed by data analysis. RP and VKB assisted in literature survey and data analysis. VGK and JB prepared the manuscript.
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Baalamurugan, J., Kumar, V.G., Padmapriya, R. et al. Recent applications of steel slag in construction industry. Environ Dev Sustain 26, 2865–2896 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02894-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02894-3