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Prioritization-based management of the watershed using health assessment analysis at sub-watershed scale

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Abstract

Examining the problems and prioritization of various parts of the watershed is one of the essential factors for presenting programs and action plans for the adaptive management of the watershed. In other words, presenting executive measures should be based on specific problem-dependent variables, determinant criteria, and effective indicators in the watershed. However, the spatial prioritization of watersheds using a problem-based health assessment approach has yet to be described. Understanding the challenges of the watershed is thus an inescapable requirement for good planning and implementation of natural resource projects, which leads to the prevention of degradation in constantly changing ecosystems and, ultimately, successful natural resource management. The health assessment of the watershed would be the best framework to identify problems and effective variables leading to sustainable watershed management, so that, at the watershed scale, a health assessment is a valuable method for assessing and identifying effective human, ecological, and environmental resource management strategies. It leads to a proper classification of effective elements and the assessment of degrees of controllability, allowing watershed managers to focus their efforts on priority sub-watersheds to efficiently address current challenges. However, such a comprehensive approach has seldom been considered. The current study, therefore, employed the health analysis initiative for the prioritization of sub-watersheds of the Mikhsaz Watershed, Mazandaran Province, Iran. The watershed health was conceptualized and consequently outlined based on various effective and problem-oriented criteria using the pressure–state–response (PSR) framework. Toward that, the PSR framework was customized and corresponding watershed indicators of pressure (P), state (S), and response (R) were conceptualized according to 17 climatic, hydrologic, physical, and anthropogenic factors. The results showed that biologic density and ratio of the number of permitted to unauthorized livestock contributed to pressure indicator at the tune of 36.54%. Hydrologic factors controlled state and response statuses at a contribution rate of 56.07 and 80.11%, respectively. Accordingly, pressure, state, and response indices were found to be 0.68, 0.61, and 0.75 leading to a dominant relatively healthy status of the watershed health (i.e., 46%) with an overall index of 0.68. Besides, pressure, state, response indices were calculated, and associated effective variables were recognized for each sub-watershed led to a prioritization zoning map. The sub-watershed prioritization map can be utilized for designating optimal strategy for the sustainable and of course problem-oriented management of the study watershed.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. However, all necessary data and information have been provided in the present manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

The current study is based on data collected for the first author's Ph.D. dissertation at Tarbiat Modares University in Iran with the assistance of the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Mazandaran Province and the people of Mikhsaz Watershed, Iran, whose invaluable assistance to them is recognized. In the case of the corresponding author, the Tarbiat Modares University Agrohydrology Research Group (Grant No. IG-39713) provided partial funding.

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Partial financial support was received from Tarbiat Modares University Agrohydrology Research Group under Grant No. IG-39713).

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  1. Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, 4641776489, Mazandaran Province, Iran

    Zahra Ebrahimi Gatgash & Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi

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  1. Zahra Ebrahimi Gatgash
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Both authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by ZEG and SHS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ZEG, and both authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi.

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Ebrahimi Gatgash, Z., Sadeghi, S.H. Prioritization-based management of the watershed using health assessment analysis at sub-watershed scale. Environ Dev Sustain 25, 9673–9702 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02455-8

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