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Thermodynamic modeling of a power and hydrogen generation system driven by municipal solid waste gasification

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Abstract

Cogeneration systems for simultaneous supply of power and hydrogen have been studied extensively because of their great potentials. Accordingly, in the present study, an innovative cogeneration system consisting of a gas turbine, a gasifier, a transcritical Rankine cycle, and a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer is proposed. The system operates on municipal solid waste (MSW) with constant power output. The proposed cogeneration system is simulated under steady-state condition using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software, and its performance is evaluated from the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The proposed system produced 3.92 MW power and 608.8 m3/h hydrogen under biomass feed of 1.155 kg/s. Under this design condition, the energy utilization factor (EUF), the total exergy efficiency, and the overall exergy destruction rate are calculated 34.71%, 29.44%, and 11,854 kW, respectively. There components of gasifier, gas turbine, and combustion chamber were introduced for owning the highest exergy destruction rate. A comprehensive parametric study was carried out, and it was concluded that the exergy efficiency of condenser has the lowest value among all components. Also, results indicate that the EUF and the total exergy efficiency can be increased by increasing the inlet temperature of the gas turbine or by decreasing the maximum pressure of the transcritical CO2 cycle. In conclusion, the proposed biomass-driven cogeneration system can produce clean electricity and hydrogen by consuming CO2. The strengths of this system are consumption of municipal waste as the main fuel, simplicity in design, as well as high productivity of hydrogen gas.

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Abbreviations

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate (kW)

a :

Molar constant of syngas

\(\overline{R}\) :

The global constant of gases (kJ/kmol k)

e :

Specific exergy (kJ/kg)

\(\overline{s}\) :

Molar specific entropy (kJ/kmol k)

\(\overline{e}\) :

Specific exergy (kJ/kmol)

T :

Temperature (K)

\(\dot{E}\) :

Exergy rate (kW)

V:

Electric potential (v)

E :

Input electricity of PEM (K.W.)

w :

Water mole fraction

F :

Faraday constant

\(\dot{W}\) :

Produced electricity (K.W.)

\(\overline{G}\) :

Specific Gibbs free energy (kJ/kmol)

X :

Mole fraction

h :

Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg)

M:

Molar mass (kg/kmol)

\(\overline{h}\) :

Specific enthalpy (kJ/kmol)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

\(J\) :

Current density (A/m2)

\(\dot{n}/\dot{N}\) :

Mole flow rate (kmol/s)

K:

Equilibrium constant molar air biomass ratio

q :

Required heat of reaction (kJ/kg)

m:

Molar air biomass ratio

A.F.:

Mass-based air–fuel ratio

G.T.:

Gas turbine

E.R.:

Equivalence ratio

LHV:

Lower heating value (kJ/kg)

EUF:

Energy utilization factor

MC:

Mass-based moisture content

ν :

Specific volume (m3/kg)

Δ:

Difference

Σ:

Summation

η :

Efficiency

net:

Net

C.V:

Control volume

p:

Constant pressure

CC:

Combustion chamber

ph:

Physical

ch:

Chemical

ref:

Reference

Comp:

Compressor

sto:

Stoichiometry

Des:

Destruction

Syngas:

Syngas

e/out:

Outlet

Sys:

System

eff:

Effectiveness

Tur:

Turbine

Elec:

Electrical

Exh.Gas:

Exhaust gases

0:

Dead state

f:

Formation

I:

The first law of thermodynamic

F:

Fuel

II:

The second law of thermodynamic

g:

Saturated vapor

a:

Anode

i/in:

Inlet

act:

Activation

is:

Isentropic

AC1:

First air compressor

L:

Liquid

AC2:

Second air compressor

Loss:

Loss

amb:

Ambient

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aerospace Engineering, Department of Engineering, Imam Ali University, Tehran, Iran

    Amirhamzeh Farajollahi

  2. Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran

    Seyed Amirhossein Hejazirad

  3. Aerospace Engineering, Department of Engineering, Imam Ali University, Tehran, Iran

    Mohsen Rostami

Authors
  1. Amirhamzeh Farajollahi
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  2. Seyed Amirhossein Hejazirad
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  3. Mohsen Rostami
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Correspondence to Amirhamzeh Farajollahi.

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Farajollahi, A., Hejazirad, S.A. & Rostami, M. Thermodynamic modeling of a power and hydrogen generation system driven by municipal solid waste gasification. Environ Dev Sustain 24, 5887–5916 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01690-9

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