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Ingestion exposure of public to natural radionuclides and committed effective dose and cancer risk through tuber crops cultivated in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

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Abstract

Internal exposure of public to radiation arising from ingestion of natural radionuclides in tuber crops of Ebonyi State origin was investigated in this study. Committed effective doses and lifetime cancer risk of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th in cassava, cocoyam, water yam, and white yam were calculated. The average activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th determined by gamma spectrometric Na (TI) detector were, respectively, 199.15 ± 23.51, 77.57 ± 7.98, and 118.20 ± 10.72 Bq/kg in cassava; 146.62 ± 40.69, 43.42 ± 7.63, and 75.61 ± 2.89 Bq/kg in cocoyam; 162.81 ± 20.43, 63.17 ± 11.36, and 81.50 ± 10.27 Bq/kg in water yam; and 184.50 ± 20.22, 80.23 ± 10.93, and 116.29 ± 5.93 Bq/kg in white yam. The total committed effective dose via ingestion aligned in this order of cassava (7.05 mSv/year) > white yam (4.38 mSv/year) > water yam (0.42 mSv/year) > cocoyam (0.21 mSv/year) with overall average dose of 3.12 mSv/year. The values of dose were higher than world average of 0.29 mSv/year given by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The lifetime cancer risk values were above tolerance level of >10−4 prescribed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), suggesting probable evolvement of radiogenic cancer morbidity. The data presented in this study contributes to baseline information on radiological characteristics of tuber crops in Ebonyi, which would be valuable to WHO/FAO food safety policy in Nigeria and rest of the world.

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Data availability

The datasets and other relevant materials generated in the course of the study can be made available by the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the management of Center for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, for allowing us to carry out the radioactivity measurement in their laboratory at a reduced cost.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria

    Fredrick Oghenebrorie Ugbede

  2. Department of Physics, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria

    Godwin Kparobo Agbajor & Anita Franklin Akpolile

  3. Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Glorious Vision University (Formerly Samuel Adegboyega University), Ogwa, Edo State, Nigeria

    Felix Adegoke Popoola

  4. Department of Industrial Chemistry, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

    Okechukwu N. N. Okoye

  5. Department of Physics, University of Benin, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria

    Eloho Augustina Akpobasahan & Margaret Adebimpe Umeche

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Fredrick Oghenebrorie Ugbede: conceptualization and proposal, study plan design, field sampling, lab analysis, and initial drafting. Godwin Kparobo Agbajor: result presentation, data interpretation, discussion, and initial drafting. Anita Franklin Akpolile: lab analysis, data interpretation, and initial drafting. Felix Adegoke Popoola: validation, supervision, conclusion and manuscript editing. Okechukwu N.N. Okoye: validation, supervision, and editing. Eloho Augustina Akpobasahan: data curation, statistical analysis and validation. Margaret Adebimpe Umeche: statistical analysis and manuscript formatting. All authors took part in the final revision of the manuscript and approved it for submission.

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Correspondence to Fredrick Oghenebrorie Ugbede.

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Ugbede, F.O., Agbajor, G.K., Akpolile, A.F. et al. Ingestion exposure of public to natural radionuclides and committed effective dose and cancer risk through tuber crops cultivated in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1385 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11992-2

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