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Dynamics of environmental variables during the incidence of algal bloom in the coastal waters of Gujarat along the northeastern Arabian Sea

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Abstract

The dynamics of physico-chemical, nutrient, and chlorophyll-a variables were studied in the bloom and non-bloom locations along the off-Gujarat coastal waters to understand the variability in biogeochemistry using multivariate analytical tests. The dissolved oxygen was significantly lower in the bloom stations (3.89 ± 0.44 mgL−1) than in the non-bloom stations (5.50 ± 0.70 mg L−1), due to the biological degradation of organic matter in addition to anaerobic microbial respiration. Nutrients (PO4 and NO3) and Chl-a concentrations were recorded higher in the bloom locations at 0.83 ± 0.21 µmol L−1, 4.47 ± 0.69 µmol L−1, 4.14 ± 1.49 mg m−3, respectively. PO4 and NO3 have shown a significantly higher positive correlation of r = 0.73 and r = 0.69 with Chl-a for bloom data than the non-bloom data. The percentage variance contributed by PC1 and PC2 for both bloom and non-bloom locations were estimated at 52.33%. The variable PO4 explains the highest 24.19% variability in PC1, followed by Chl-a (19.89%). The PO4 triggers the bloom formation and also correlates to the higher concentrations of Chl-a in the bloom locations. The bloom concentration ranges from 9553 to 12,235 trichomes L−1. The bloom intensity has shown a significant positive correlation with Chl-a (r = 0.77), NO3 (r = 0.56), and PO4 (r = 0.30), but a negative correlation was noticed with DO (r =  − 0.63) and pH (r =  − 0.49). The study also initiates a way forward research investigation on ocean-color technologies to identify and monitor blooms and climate change–driven factors for bloom formation. The occurrence of bloom and its influence on fishery resources and other marine biotas will open many research windows in marine fisheries, oceanography, remote sensing, marine biology, and trophodynamics.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Director, ICAR-CMFRI, former Scientist In-Charge and Scientists, Veraval Regional Station, and Head, Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-CMFRI, Kochi, for the encouragement and support during the study period. The authors are thankful for the support and encouragement provided by Director, ISRO-SAC, Ahmadabad, to carry out the current study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 574199, India

    Vinaya Kumar Vase & Prathibha Rohit

  2. ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, Kochi, Kerala, 682 018, India

    Vinaya Kumar Vase, Shikha R., Rajan K., Sreenath K.R., Gyanaranjan Dash, Jayasankar J., Prathibha Rohit & Ratheesh Kumar R.

  3. ISRO-Space Application Center, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India

    Mini Raman & Arvind Sahay

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  1. Vinaya Kumar Vase
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  2. Mini Raman
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Contributions

VKV: conceptualization, data curation and analysis, and writing the manuscript. MR: data curation, project administration, and supervision. AS: investigation and review and editing. SR: data curation, writing original draft, and literature retrieval. RK: formal analysis, review and editing. SKR: investigation, project administration, and methodology. GRD: investigation and project administration. JJ: methodology, supervision, and review and editing. PR: supervision, review, and editing. RK: investigation, resources, and review and editing.

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Correspondence to Vinaya Kumar Vase.

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Vase, V.K., Raman, M., Sahay, A. et al. Dynamics of environmental variables during the incidence of algal bloom in the coastal waters of Gujarat along the northeastern Arabian Sea. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1238 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11827-0

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