Abstract
The accumulation of microplastics on sediment surfaces contributed to the digestive tract of sea urchins contamination during foraging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between the accumulation of microplastics on sediment surfaces and the contamination of sea urchins’ digestive tracts during their foraging activities. Sediment and sea urchins’ samples were collected from Pari and Harapan Islands, in Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Microplastics were extracted and observed in sediment and the digestive tract of sea urchins’ samples. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified microplastic polymers. The average microplastic concentration on Pari Island was 160 ± 158.75 particles/kg dry weight sediment and 3.93 ± 2.25 particles/g dry weight in the digestive tract of sea urchins. Correspondingly, on Harapan Island, the values were 113 ± 41.63 particles/kg dry weight and 0.27 ± 0.28 particles/g dry weight. Fragment-type microplastics (75%) were predominantly detected in the digestive tract of sea urchins, while fiber-type microplastics (59%) were more common in sediments on Pari Island. Conversely, on Harapan Island fragment types were more prevalent (53%). Microplastics larger than 1000 µm were identified in both sediment and the digestive tract of sea urchins. The observed plastic polymers, such as polyethylene, polyester, and polypropylene were dominant at both study sites. This study postulated that microplastics in sediments may be ingested during sea urchins digestion, supported by a significant correlation of 0.016. Consequently, the presence of microplastics in sea urchins from Pari Island and Harapan Island in Kepulauan Seribu was confirmed. Future investigations should explore the toxic effects of absorbed microplastics on sea urchins’ physiology, requiring further analysis.
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Data availability
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary material. Raw data that support the findings of this study are available from Muhammad Reza Cordova (Coordinator, microSEAP Indonesia).
Abbreviations
- mm:
-
Millimeter
- µm:
-
Micrometer
- HDPE:
-
High-density polyethylene
- PLA:
-
Polylactic acid
- km:
-
Kilometer
- ml:
-
Milliliter
- /cm:
-
Reciprocal centimeter
- °C:
-
Degree Celsius
- Gr:
-
Gram
- ZnCl2 :
-
Zinc chloride
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- ≥ :
-
Greater than or equal to
- QC/QA:
-
Quality control and quality assurance
- n/a:
-
Not available
- g/cm3 :
-
Gram per square centimeter
- %:
-
Percent
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
- POPs:
-
Persistent organic pollutants
- PAHs:
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PCBs:
-
Polychlorinated biphenyls
- PBDEs:
-
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
- GESAMP:
-
Group of Experts for Scientific Aspects of Marine Protection
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Funding
This work was supported by microSEAP UKRI Natural Environment Research Council 532 (NERC) funding scheme Grant [No. NE/V009516/1] entitled “Microbial transformation of plastics in SE Asian seas: a hazard and a solution”.
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Rahmawati did the draft, writing design, analysis, and identification as well as data processing. Majariana Krisanti made adjustments to the writing structure and grammar as well as critical revisions of the intellectual content of important manuscripts. Etty Riani made adjustments to the writing structure and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Muhammad Reza Cordova supervised, obtained funding, drafted the script, and provided material support. All authors have read, understood, and complied as applicable with the statement on “Ethical responsibilities of Authors” as presented in the Instructions for Authors.
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Rahmawati, Krisanti, M., Riani, E. et al. Microplastic contamination in the digestive tract of sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1103 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11655-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11655-2