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A comprehensive review on adsorption of methylene blue dye using leaf waste as a bio-sorbent: isotherm adsorption, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies

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Abstract

Water bodies with the dye methylene blue pose serious environmental and health risks to humans. Therefore, the creation and investigation of affordable, potential adsorbents to remove methylene blue dye from water resources as a long-term fix is one focus of the scientific community. Food plants and other carbon-source serve as a hotspot for a wider range of application on different pollutants that impact the environment and living organisms. Here, we reviewed the use of treated and untreated biosorbents made from plant waste leaves for removing the dye methylene blue from aqueous media. After being modified, activated carbon made from various plant leaves improves adsorption performance. The range of activating chemicals, activation methods, and bio-sorbent material characterisation using FTIR analysis, Barunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX), and SEM-EDX have all been covered in this review. It has been thoroughly described how the pH solution of the methylene blue dye compares to the pHPZC of the adsorbent surface. The presentation also includes a thorough analysis of the application of the isotherm model, kinetic model, and thermodynamic parameters. The selectivity of the adsorbent is the main focus of the adsorption kinetics and isotherm models. It has been studied how adsorption occurs, how surface area and pH affect it, and how biomass waste compares to other adsorbents. The use of biomass waste as adsorbents is both environmentally and economically advantageous, and it has been discovered to have exceptional color removal capabilities.

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Data availability

The dataset utilized/analyzed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are very much thankful all staff at University of Babylon, Iraq for Financial support and all facilities to achieve this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Iraq

    Zainab Haider Mussa

  2. College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq

    Lubna Raad Al-Ameer

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science for Women, University of Babylon, PO Box 4, Hilla, Iraq

    Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim

  4. Medical Physics Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Babil, Iraq

    Issa Farhan Deyab

  5. Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India

    Hesam Kamyab

  6. Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan

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Contributions

Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim collected the related papers and wrote the first draft. Zainab Haider Mussa revised the final draft before submission. Lubna Raad Al-Ameer collected the references and improved the final revised draft. Issa Farhan Deyab revised the whole manuscript and improved the structure of the final draft. Hesam Kamyab revised the whole manuscript and improvement the English language. Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan revised the whole manuscript and improvement the English language. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Mussa, Z.H., Al-Ameer, L.R., Al-Qaim, F.F. et al. A comprehensive review on adsorption of methylene blue dye using leaf waste as a bio-sorbent: isotherm adsorption, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies. Environ Monit Assess 195, 940 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11432-1

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