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Environmental health impacts and controlling measures of anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality in Southwestern Nigeria

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Abstract

Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in virtually all the regions of Nigeria, including the southwestern region. It is an indispensable source of drinking water that many individuals are dependent upon for daily activities in Nigeria. However, the spontaneous rise in various forms of industrialization and other anthropogenic activities of man within the southwestern region has immensely polluted these water sources. This calls for tremendous and actionable concern because of the health implications associated with the intake of contaminated water. This study aims to thoroughly disentangle the major impacts of anthropogenic activities on the quality of groundwater in the southwestern region of Nigeria through extensive reviews of literature and conceptualization of scientific and research data on the field. Unlike previous reviews, the major sources of groundwater pollution in the region were discussed extensively to set the tone for the x-raying of the subject. The study also showed major long-standing pollution cases in the region with graphical, tabular, and pictorial illustrations of some of the groundwater parameters and at the same time proposed controlling measures to enable eidetic understanding of the concepts and contribution to knowledge. In the last part of the work, we recommend improving the existing groundwater assessment techniques in Southwestern Nigeria. Regular monitoring of groundwater in Nigeria should also be encouraged to establish its quality status.

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(source: U.S Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 2009–3093; https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1225/html/sources.html)

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adapted from Adabanija & Oladunjoye, 2014)

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adapted from Shiru et al., 2019)

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All data and materials used in this study are available within this article.

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Acknowledgements

All authors acknowledge their universities for the enabling platform to carry out this research. K. A. Adegoke acknowledges the Global Excellence Stature (GES) 4.0 Postdoctoral Fellowships Fourth Industrial Revolution and the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. N. W. Maxakato acknowledges the supports received from the National Research Foundation of South Africa: Grant Number 118148 and Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research-University of Johannesburg and the University of Johannesburg, South Africa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Basque, Spain

    Mujeeb Adeyemi Balogun & Abdulraheem Okehi Anumah

  2. College of Science and Technology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

    Mujeeb Adeyemi Balogun

  3. Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium

    Mujeeb Adeyemi Balogun

  4. College STEE “Science and Technology for Energy and the Environment”, University of Pau and Pays de L’adour, Pau, France

    Abdulraheem Okehi Anumah

  5. Faculty of Science, ICBAS - Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Abdulraheem Okehi Anumah

  6. Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Kayode Adesina Adegoke & Nobanathi Wendy Maxakato

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Mujeeb Adeyemi Balogun and Abdulraheem Okehi Anumah Conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis and investigation, methodology, visualization, writing-original draft preparation, writing- review, and editing. Kayode Adesina Adegoke: Conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis and investigation, methodology, validation, visualization, writing-original draft preparation, writing review and editing, and supervision. Nobanathi Wendy Maxakato: validation and supervision. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Balogun, M.A., Anumah, A.O., Adegoke, K.A. et al. Environmental health impacts and controlling measures of anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality in Southwestern Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess 194, 384 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09805-z

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