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Assessment of Casuarina glauca as biofiltration model of secondary treated urban wastewater: effect on growth performances and heavy metals tolerance

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Abstract

The use of fast-growing tree species, such as Casuarina glauca for wastewater treatment could improve the quality of wastewater and offer an ecological and sustainable system. A hydroponically experiment was conducted to evaluate C. glauca ability to remove heavy metals from secondary treated urban wastewater (SWW). The effect of the SWW on plant biomass, some physiological parameters, heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn) bioaccumulation and removal from wastewater was evaluated. After 28 days, wastewater treatment C. glauca showed high efficiency for the removal of pathogenic bacteria such as faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci from SWW. A significant reduction was found for electrical conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids with 31%, 92%, 83% and 31% respectively. Casuarina glauca plants were able to remove heavy metal ions Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn from SWW and the removal efficiency was 92%, 77%, 83% and 73%, respectively. Casuarina glauca plants accumulated concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn) in their roots higher than the shoots. SWW had a remarkable effect on plant growth and photosynthetic capacity in C. glauca compared with plants grown in tap water (control). The results indicated that C. glauca can act as scavengers of heavy metal ions from polluted water and confirms their ability for wastewater treatment.

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Acknowledgements

We thank International Center of Environmental Technologies of Tunis (CITET) for technical, helpful assistance and for their willingness to let us, use the analysis machines. Funding for this work was provided by the National Institute for Research in Agricultural Engineering, Water and Forestry (INRGREF Tunis, Tunisia), the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Tunis, Tunisia).

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  1. Laboratory of Forest Ecology, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), University of Carthage, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia

    Ridha Slaimi, Mejda Abassi & Zoubeir Béjaoui

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060, Tunis, Tunisia

    Ridha Slaimi

  3. Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia

    Zoubeir Béjaoui

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Slaimi, R., Abassi, M. & Béjaoui, Z. Assessment of Casuarina glauca as biofiltration model of secondary treated urban wastewater: effect on growth performances and heavy metals tolerance. Environ Monit Assess 193, 653 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09438-8

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