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Occurrence, behaviour and environmental risk assessment of trace metals in stream sediments from southwestern Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Abstract

In this study, the influence of source area weathering and provenance on the stream sediment geochemistry as well as the environmental impacts of selected potentially toxic trace elements (PTE) were evaluated. Four components derived from the R-mode factor analysis of additive logratio-transformed data pointed to the combined influence of weathering of granitoids, sedimentary rocks and greenstone belts and gold mineralisation on the stream geochemistry. Although 13 PTE were enriched in the majority of the samples, only five elements (As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Ni) were likely to have adverse biological effects. Based on the geochemical maps, the areas susceptible to produce adverse biological effects due to As enrichments are solely drained by the greenstone belts, whereas enrichment of Pb was pronounced in areas of high population densities. The linear regression between enrichment factor (EF) and adverse effect indices (AEI) indicated that in order for Pb to pose threats to the benthic organisms, EF should be 4.5, whereas EF for sediment toxicity are 1 for Cu, Cr and Ni and 2 for As. Consequently, Cu, Cr, Ni, As and, to a lesser degree, Pb pose serious environmental threats to benthic organisms in southwestern Burkina Faso. The stream sediment geochemical data of this study constitute a baseline for assessing future environmental risks.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their thanks to the geologists from BUMIGEB and BRGM for their technical assistance. Comments and suggestions from an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the early version of the manuscript.

Funding

This project was funded by the Mining Sector Support Project (PADSEM) and the World Bank (IDA N°H693 BF).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UFR Sciences Appliquées et Technologie, Université de Dédougou, Dédougou, BP 139, Burkina Faso

    Aboubakar Sako

  2. Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement (LaGE), Département des Sciences de la Terre, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    Aboubakar Sako & Sâga Sawadogo

  3. Bureau des Mines et de la Géologie du Burkina Faso, Direction Régionale de Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

    Mamadou Nimi & Abdoul-Azise Kafohé Hema

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  1. Aboubakar Sako
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Sako, A., Nimi, M., Sawadogo, S. et al. Occurrence, behaviour and environmental risk assessment of trace metals in stream sediments from southwestern Burkina Faso, West Africa. Environ Monit Assess 193, 133 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-08849-x

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