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Differential modes of disease suppression elicited by silver nanoparticles alone and augmented with Calothrix elenkinii against leaf blight in tomato

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Abstract

An investigation employing a detached leaf assay was performed to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) augmented Calothrix elenkinii against Alternaria alternata infection in tomato. A dose of 50 mg l− 1 AgNPs was selected, which was based on chlorophyll accumulation (as an index of C. elenkinii growth), microscopic observations and biocidal potential of AgNPs against A. alternata. Higher leaf chlorophyll accumulation and lower endoglucanase activity were recorded in in the AgNPs, C. elenkinii and AgNPs augmented C. elenkinii-treated leaves, compared to pathogen challenge alone. Further, microscopic examination showed that these treatments had an alleviating role towards the damaging effects of A. alternata infection on chloroplasts and leaf structure. PCR based amplification using Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS)-specific primers revealed no band in the treated samples, illustrating the absence of A. alternata, and the biocontrol efficacy of the treatments. Application of AgNPs, C. elenkinii and AgNPs augmented C. elenkinii imparted a protective effect against A. alternata, by inhibiting the growth of the pathogen in tomato leaves and modulating the growth and enzymatic activities of the host. This method proved valuable for gaining insights into the interplay between cyanobacterium, nanoparticle and pathogen-challenged leaves, and illustrated that AgNPs augmented C. elenkinii has the potential to be scaled up as an effective biocontrol option.

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Acknowledgements

The study was supported by the University Grants Commission who provided fellowship and the Post Graduate School, ICAR-IARI, who provided the facilities towards the fulfilment of Ph.D. program. The study was also partly funded by the AMAAS Network Project on Microorganisms, granted by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, to RP. We are thankful to the Division of Microbiology and Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, for providing necessary facilities for undertaking this study.

Funding

The study was supported by the University Grants Commission vide Grant number-RGNF-2014-15-SC-RAJ-57089 and ICAR- AMAAS Network Project on Microorganisms (Project Code T12-122).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India

    Himanshu Mahawar & Radha Prasanna

  2. Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India

    Robin Gogoi

  3. Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology (CPCT), ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Awani Kumar Singh

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  1. Himanshu Mahawar
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Correspondence to Radha Prasanna.

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Mahawar, H., Prasanna, R., Gogoi, R. et al. Differential modes of disease suppression elicited by silver nanoparticles alone and augmented with Calothrix elenkinii against leaf blight in tomato. Eur J Plant Pathol 157, 663–678 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02021-w

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