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Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of trace elements in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from selected inland water bodies

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Abstract

The presence of toxic trace elements (TEs) has resulted in a worldwide deterioration in freshwater ecosystem quality. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of TEs, including chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), in water, sediment, and organs of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from selected inland water bodies in Tamil Nadu, India. The water samples exhibited a range of concentrations for TEs: Cr varied from 0.014 to 5.193 µg/L, Ni ranged from 0.283 to 11.133 µg/L, As ranged from 0.503 to 1.519 µg/L, Cd from 0.001 to 0.616 µg/L, and Pb ranged from non-detectable (ND) to 6.103 µg/L. The concentrations of TEs in sediment were found to vary within the following ranges: 5.259 to 32.621 mg/kg for Cr, 1.932 to 30.487 mg/kg for Ni, 0.129 to 0.563 mg/kg for As, 0.003 to 0.011 mg/kg for Cd, ND to 0.003 mg/kg for Hg, and 0.404 to 1.575 mg/kg for Pb. The study found that the accumulation pattern of TE in fishes across all selected areas was liver > bone > gill > muscle. The organs had TE concentrations of Cr (ND-0.769 mg/kg), Ni (ND-1.053 mg/kg), As (0.002–0.080 mg/kg), Pb (ND-0.411 mg/kg), and Hg (ND-0.067 mg/kg), which was below the maximum residual limit prescribed by EC and FSSAI. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of TEs exhibited a greater magnitude in comparison with the biota–sediment accumulation factor due to the higher concentration of TEs in fish and lower level in water. The assessment of both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks suggests that the consumption of Tilapia from the study region does not pose any significant risks.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University for providing the necessary facilities to carry out the work at the Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi. The authors express their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2024R68) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, 628 008, India

    Vijayakumar Balamanikandan, Rajendran Shalini, Ulaganathan Arisekar, Robinson Jeya Shakila, Balasubramanian Sivaraman & Shanmugam Sundhar

  2. Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, 628 008, India

    Pandurangan Padmavathy

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Sandhanasamy Devanesan & Mohamad S. AlSalhi

  4. Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India

    R. Mythili

  5. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea

    Woong Kim

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  1. Vijayakumar Balamanikandan
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Contributions

VB, RS, and UA helped in conceptualization; RJS, PP, and BS helped in methodology; SD and SS worked in software; MSA, RM, WK, and SS helped in formal analysis; UA, BS, and SS worked in investigation; RS and UA helped in writing—original draft preparation; UA and RS helped in writing—review and editing; RS and RJS helped in supervision. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rajendran Shalini or Ulaganathan Arisekar.

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Balamanikandan, V., Shalini, R., Arisekar, U. et al. Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of trace elements in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from selected inland water bodies. Environ Geochem Health 46, 187 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-01909-4

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