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Distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soils around Shannan landfill site, Tibet

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Abstract

At present, sanitary landfill is mainly used for domestic waste treatment in Shannan City, Tibet. However, there are few studies on heavy metals in the soil around the landfill in Shannan city. Therefore, the surrounding soil of Luqionggang landfill in Shannan City, Tibet Autonomous Region, is taken as the research object. In the study, the geo-accumulation index method, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method and potential ecological risk index method are mainly used to evaluate the pollution and risk of heavy metals in the soil around the landfill site. The main results are as follows: The average pH value of the soil around the landfill site is 9.37, belonging to the strong alkaline range. The average values of heavy metals Hg and Ni in soil exceeded the background content, and the average contents of other heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, As and Cd did not exceed the background content. The average content of these eight heavy metals did not exceed the screening value of the national soil environmental quality standard. In the horizontal direction, the average content of heavy metal elements Cu, Cr, Cd, Hg and Ni is relatively high in the west. The average content of heavy metals As, Zn and Pb in the north, east and south is slightly higher than that in the west. And the farther away from the landfill, the less the soil is affected by heavy metals. The evaluation results of geo-accumulation index show that heavy metal Hg is the most affected. The average value of the comprehensive pollution index is 2.969, which is between 2 and 3, belonging to the moderate pollution level. And the west side of the landfill (downstream area) is greatly affected. The evaluation results of potential ecological hazard pollution index show that the potential risk index of single pollutants of heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, As and Cd belongs to low ecological hazard level, and the potential risk index of single pollutants of heavy metal Hg belongs to relatively heavy ecological hazard level. On the whole, the total potential risk coefficient belongs to medium pollution hazard degree. According to the correlation analysis, there is no significant correlation between heavy metal elements As and Hg and the other six heavy metal elements. In addition, the pollution source of heavy metal As may be mainly soil forming factors and the pollution source of Hg may be mainly human factors.

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Data Availability

All relevant data are within the manuscript and available from the corresponding author upon request. Supplementary information is available at Environmental Geochemistry and Health’s website.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by National Key Research &Development Program of China (No.2019YFC1904101), National Natural Science Foundation of China Project (No.52160026), and Key R & D projects of Tibet Autonomous Region(No. XZ202101ZY0010G).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China

    Wenwu Zhou, Zeng Dan, Dean Meng, Peng Zhou, Keke Chang, Qiongda Zhuoma, Jing Wang, Fei Xu & Guanyi Chen

  2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Guanyi Chen

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  1. Wenwu Zhou
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Contributions

Zeng Dan and Guanyi Chen provided the research ideas and experimental equipment. Wenwu Zhou, Dean Meng, Peng Zhou, Keke Chang, Qiongda Zhuoma, Jing Wang, and Fei Xu completed the experimental operation and the arrangement and processing of experimental data.

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Correspondence to Zeng Dan.

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Zhou, W., Dan, Z., Meng, D. et al. Distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soils around Shannan landfill site, Tibet. Environ Geochem Health 45, 393–407 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01349-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01349-y

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