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Geochemical pollution of trace metals in permafrost-affected soil in the Russian Arctic marginal environment

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Abstract

The Arctic marginal environment has been considered as far from industrial areas and low population. During June–July of 2016 “Russian High Latitude” expedition, 93 samples of soil genetic horizon from 25 soil profiles dug till frozen ground were sampled from 8 islands and 2 capes of the Russian Arctic without direct anthropogenic influences. Nine trace metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, Fe, Mn and Hg) were measured and quantified by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis for elemental concentrations. Through analysis of divided soil groups (Haplothels, Turbels, Historthels), the factors of organic matter and cryoturbation had a significant influence on metals’ distribution except for Fe and Mn. From summarized soil master horizons (O, A, B, C), Fe and Mn are abundant in all horizons suggesting as geochemical background values. Cu, Pb, Co and Ni are distributed specifically in different horizons with leaching and accumulation process, whereas Hg is evenly disturbed in all horizons. The correlation analysis reveals that distribution of most metals in present soils is highly depended on soil properties (pH, TOC, clay and silt). Li was selected as normalizing element for metals’ concentrations from mineral layers to establish geochemical baseline concentrations. The concentrations of trace metals have been assessed by geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor, showing only Co and Zn are moderately polluted and slightly polluted, and Co, Cu, Zn and Pb are enriched in topsoil. Other indices as modified degree of contamination (mCdegree) and pollution load index (PLI), mCdegree show moderate degree of pollution and PLI shows unpolluted to moderate pollution load. The ecological risk indices, e.g., ecological risk factor (Er) and potential ecological risk index, show low ecological risk potential.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Grant of Russian Foundation for Basic research (18-44-890003, 19-416-890002, and 19-05-50107) and by a Grant of Saint Petersburg State University “Urbanized ecosystems of the Russian Arctic: dynamics; state and sustainable development (Grant No. 39377455).” The authors are grateful to Dr. Julia Antcibor from Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, for her assistance in laboratory. We would like to thank Miss Yu Su from the School of Visual Arts at BFA Computer Art for helping with data visualization and Miss Kuznetsova Ekaterina from School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, for helping with the Russian translation. We are very grateful to two anonymous reviewers for carefully pointing out the mistakes and giving good suggestions for revision of our manuscript.

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  1. Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, 16-Line, 29, Vasilyevskiy Island, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 199178

    Xiaowen Ji, Evgeny Abakumov, Vitaly Tomashunas, Vyacheslav Polyakov & Sergey Kouzov

  2. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 199397

    Vyacheslav Polyakov

  3. Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University, Pushkin, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 19660

    Vyacheslav Polyakov

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  1. Xiaowen Ji
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  2. Evgeny Abakumov
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Correspondence to Xiaowen Ji.

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Ji, X., Abakumov, E., Tomashunas, V. et al. Geochemical pollution of trace metals in permafrost-affected soil in the Russian Arctic marginal environment. Environ Geochem Health 42, 4407–4429 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00587-2

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