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Conserving marine biodiversity: insights from life-history trait candidate genes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

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Abstract

Recent technological developments have facilitated an increased focus on identifying genomic regions underlying adaptive trait variation in natural populations, and it has been advocated that this information should be important for designating population units for conservation. In marine fishes, phenotypic studies have suggested adaptation through divergence of life-history traits among natural populations, but the distribution of adaptive genetic variation in these species is still relatively poorly known. In this study, we extract information about the geographical distribution of genetic variation for 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with life-history trait candidate genes, and compare this to variation in 70 putatively neutral SNPs in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). We analyse samples covering the major population complexes in the eastern Atlantic and find strong evidence for non-neutral levels and patterns of population structuring for several of the candidate gene-associated markers, including two SNPs in the growth hormone 1 gene. Thus, this study aligns with findings from phenotypic studies, providing molecular data strongly suggesting that these or closely linked genes are under selection in natural populations of Atlantic cod. Furthermore, we find that patterns of variation in outlier markers do not align with those observed at selectively neutral markers, and that outlier markers identify conservation units on finer geographical scales than those revealed when analysing only neutral markers. Accordingly, results also suggest that information about adaptive genetic variation will be useful for targeted conservation and management in this and other marine species.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Christophe Pampoulie, Torild Johansen and Gary R. Carvalho for the provision of samples, and to Dorte Bekkevold, Thomas Damm Als and members of the EU projects “FinE” and “FishPopTrace” for discussions improving the manuscript. This work was carried out under the EU projects ‘FinE’ (Grant Number: 044276) and FishPopTrace (Grant Agreement Number: KBBE212399), the Greenland Climate Research Centre financed by the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, and also received support through the project “Improved management through stock identification of eastern and western Baltic Sea cod” financed by the The Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries and the European Fisheries Fund.

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  1. Nina Overgaard Therkildsen

    Present address: Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA

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  1. Section for Marine Living Resources, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark

    Jakob Hemmer-Hansen, Nina Overgaard Therkildsen, Dorte Meldrup & Einar Eg Nielsen

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Hemmer-Hansen, J., Therkildsen, N.O., Meldrup, D. et al. Conserving marine biodiversity: insights from life-history trait candidate genes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Conserv Genet 15, 213–228 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0532-5

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