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Genetic monitoring and effects of stocking practices on small Cyprinus carpio populations

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Abstract

The ability to detect genetic differences both in space and time is crucial for conserving genetic variation. It can reveal genetic diversity and genetic composition changes of declining native populations that are supported through stocking with captive bred individuals. The present study was designed to analyse the temporal stability of a declining common carp (Cyprinus carpio) population from Lake Volvi (North Greece). Polymorphism was evaluated using seven microsatellite loci at two sampling time points (separated by 12 years). The genetic variability of four additional populations (from two rivers and two lakes) in Northern Greece was also investigated for comparison. Heterozygosity values (0.692–0.868) and allelic richness (8.530–11.148) were high for all studied populations and comparable to other European populations. However, the analysis of temporal common carp samples from Lake Volvi revealed a significant change in their genetic composition and admixture analysis demonstrated significant introgression of stocked individuals into the native population. Both temporal and point estimate methods revealed low effective size (Ne = 61–171.3) for this population, possibly a result of an ancient genetic bottleneck that led to population decline and/or recent anthropogenic interventions. This low Ne has rendered the native population vulnerable to alteration of its genetic composition. Our study demonstrates that enhancement programs should be applied cautiously, especially for small populations. Moreover, it underlines the need for temporal analyses, which may contribute to the evaluation of previous management policies and to future decision making.

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Acknowledgments

We thank local fishermen for their help with sampling. We also thank the editor and four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This project was financially supported by the Greek Ministry of Rural Development and Food.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece

    Nikoleta Karaiskou, Maria Lappa, Stefanos Kalomoiris, Theodore J. Abatzopoulos, Costas Triantaphyllidis & Alexander Triantafyllidis

  2. Department of Freshwater Fisheries, Prefecture of Thessaloniki, Fisheries Direction, Loutron 14, 57200, Lagadas, Macedonia, Greece

    George Oikonomidis & Chariklia Psaltopoulou

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  1. Nikoleta Karaiskou
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  2. Maria Lappa
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  3. Stefanos Kalomoiris
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  4. George Oikonomidis
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  5. Chariklia Psaltopoulou
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  6. Theodore J. Abatzopoulos
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  7. Costas Triantaphyllidis
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  8. Alexander Triantafyllidis
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Correspondence to Alexander Triantafyllidis.

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Nikoleta Karaiskou and Maria Lappa contributed equally for this study.

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Karaiskou, N., Lappa, M., Kalomoiris, S. et al. Genetic monitoring and effects of stocking practices on small Cyprinus carpio populations. Conserv Genet 12, 1299–1311 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0231-z

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