Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore how couples in Taiwan maintain intercontinental long-distance relationships. Four participants from a long-distance online forum were interviewed and asked to share their stories of long-distance dating. Their stories were then analyzed based on a narrative research method, and the following questions were explored with the participants: the impact of distance on the relationship, maintaining long-distance relationships, and reflections on long-distance dating. Findings suggested that distance had a large impact on couples, including thoughts of ending the relationship, loneliness, insecurity, and distrust. Themes the participants discussed included the importance of technology, face-to-face visitations, commitment, romantic beliefs, and diverse ways to maintain relationships. Participants also reported high expenses, time differences, and technological limitations as difficulties. Despite these difficulties, participants described creating meanings around the long-distance relationships by realizing the relationships were ultimately worthwhile, and for many couples, a necessary process to grow. Based on the results, the researcher proposes that therapists use narrative therapy in order to work with couples in long-distance relationships. By helping clients externalize the problem through opening up new possibilities for them to describe their difficulties, clients can begin to develop new ways of understanding themselves and others. A discussion with regards to how individuals in Chinese cultures manage conflicts in romantic relationships is included to remind therapists to be culturally sensitive when managing conflicts in collectivistic cultures, which have a tendency towards indirectness, unassertiveness, and lack of confrontation.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The founder of the online bulletin, Yi-Chin, Tu, used his account ID “PTT” as the official name of the bulletin board.
When the interview took place, the researcher was studying in a counseling program at a university in Taiwan.
All participants as well as their partners’ names have been changed in order to protect confidentiality.
References
Arditti, J. A., & Kauffman, M. (2004). Staying close when apart: Intimacy and meaning in long distance dating relationships. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 3(1), 27–51. doi:10.1300/J398v03n01_03.
Cameron, J. J., & Ross, M. (2007). In times of uncertainty: Predicting the survival of long-distance relationships. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147(6), 581–606. doi:10.3200/SOCP.147.6.581-606.
Carey, M., & Russell, S. (2003). Re-authoring: Some answers to commonly asked questions. The International Journal of Narrative Therapy and Community Work, 3, 60–71.
Caughlin, J. P., & Afifi, T. D. (2004). When is topic avoidance unsatisfying? Examining moderators of the association between avoidance and dissatisfaction. Human Communication Research, 30, 479–513. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2004.tb00742.x.
Dainton, M., & Aylor, B. (2002). Patterns of communication channel use in the maintenance of long-distance relationships. Communication Research Report, 19, 118–129. doi:10.1080/08824090209384839.
Dellmann-Jenkins, M., Bernard-Paolucci, T. S., & Rushing, B. (1994). Does distance make the heart grow fonder? A comparison of college students in long-distance geographically close dating relationships. College Student Journal, 28, 212–219.
Diamond, L. M., Hicks, A. M., & Otter-Henderson, K. A. (2008). Every time you go away: Changes in affect, behavior, and physiology associated with travel-related separations from romantic partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(2), 385–403. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.385.
Elsayed-Ekhouly, S. M., & Buda, R. (1996). Organizational conflict: A comparative analysis of conflict styles across cultures. International Journal of Conflict Management, 7, 71–81. doi:10.1108/eb022776.
Gao, G., & Ting-Toomey, S. (1998). Communicating effectively with the Chinese. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Guldner, G. T. (1996). Long-distance romantic relationships: Prevalence and separation-related symptoms in college students. Journal of College Student Development, 37(3), 289–296.
Guldner, G. T. (2003). Long distance relationships: The complete guide. Corona, CA: J. F. Milne Publications.
Guldner, G. T., & Swensen, C. H. (1995). Time spent together and relationship quality: Long-distance relationships as a test case. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12(2), 313–320. doi:10.1177/0265407595122010.
Holt, P. A., & Stone, G. L. (1988). Needs, coping strategies and coping outcomes associated with long-distance relationships. Journal of College Student Development, 29(2), 136–141.
Johnson, M. P. (1991). Commitment to personal relationships. In W. H. Jones & D. W. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships (3rd ed., pp. 117–143). London, England: Jessica Kingsley.
Kauffman, M. H. (2000). Relational maintenance in long-distance dating relationships: Staying close. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
Kelmer, G., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S., & Markman, H. J. (2013). Relationship quality, commitment, and stability in long-distance relationships. Family Process, 52(2), 257–270. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2012.01418.x.
Krefting, L. (1991). Rigor in qualitative research: The assessment of trustworthiness. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45(3), 214–222.
Li, M. C. (2008). Seeking for meanings of being together: Experience of intercontinental long-distance romance relationships. Unpublished master dissertation, National Chaiyi University, Taiwan.
Li, T. S. (2012). Forbearance in couple relationship and how it is related to marital satisfaction. Formosa Journal of Mental Health, 25(3), 447–475.
Lieblich, A., Tuval-Mashiach, R., & Zilbar, T. (1998). Narrative research: Reading, analysis, and interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Lydon, J., Pierce, T., & O’Regan, S. (1997). Coping with moral commitment to long-distance dating relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(1), 104–113. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.104.
Mietzner, S., & Lin, L. W. (2005). Would you do it again? Relationship skills gained in a long distance relationship. College Student Journal, 39(1), 192–200.
Pfeifer, L., Miller, R. B., Li, T. S., & Hsiao, Y. L. (2013). Perceived marital problems in Taiwan. Contemporary Family Therapy, 35, 91–104. doi:10.1007/s10591-012-9233-3.
Polkinghorne, D. E. (1988). Narrative knowing and the human sciences. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative methods for the human sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sahlstein, E. M. (2004). Relating at a distance: Negotiating being together and being apart in long-distance relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(5), 689–710. doi:10.1177/0265407504046115.
Schwebel, A. I., Dunn, R. L., Moss, B. F., & Renner, M. A. (1992). Factors associated with relationship stability in geographical separated couples. Journal of College Student Development, 33, 222–230.
Stafford, L. (2005). Maintaining long-distance and cross-residential relationships: Mahwah. NJ: Lawrence Erlbrum Associates.
Stafford, L., Merolla, A. J., & Castle, J. D. (2006). When long-distance dating partners become geographically close. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 23(6), 901–919.
Stafford, L., & Reske, J. R. (1990). Idealization and communication in long-distance premarital relationships. Family Relations, 39(3), 274–279. doi:10.2307/584871.
Taylor, S., & Bogdan, R. (1984). Introduction to qualitative research methods: The search for meanings. New York, NY: Wiley.
Ting-Toomey, S. (1991). Intimacy expressions in three cultures: France, Japan, and the United States. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15, 29–46.
Van Horn, K. R., Arnone, A., Nesbitt, K., Desllets, L., Sears, T., Giffin, M., & Brudi, R. (1997). Physical distance and interpersonal characteristics in college students’ romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 4, 25–34. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00128.x.
Wendel, W. C. (1975). High school sweethearts: A study in separation and commitment. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 4, 45–46. doi:10.1080/15374417509532621.
Westefeld, J. S., & Liddell, D. (1982). Coping with long-distance relationships. Journal of College Student Development, 23, 550–551.
White, M. (2007). Maps of narrative practice. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
White, M., & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative means to therapeutic ends. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
Zhang, S., Merolla, A. J., Sun, S., & Lin, S. F. (2012). The nature and consequences of topic avoidance in Chinese and Taiwanese close relationships. Asian Journal of Social Psychology,. doi:10.1111/j.1467-839X.01367.x.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tseng, CF. My Love, How I Wish You Were By My Side: Maintaining Intercontinental Long-Distance Relationships in Taiwan. Contemp Fam Ther 38, 328–338 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-016-9384-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-016-9384-8