Abstract
As the powerhouse and core of cellular metabolism and survival, mitochondria are the essential organelle in mammalian cells and maintain cellular homeostasis by changing their content and morphology to meet demands through mitochondrial quality control. It has been observed that mitochondria can move between cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, which provides a novel strategy for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and also a therapeutic target for applications in clinical settings. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize currently known mechanisms of intercellular mitochondrial transfer, including modes, triggers, and functions. Due to the highly demanded energy and indispensable intercellular linkages of the central nervous system (CNS), we highlight the mitochondrial transfer in CNS. We also discuss future application possibilities and difficulties that need to be addressed in the treatment of CNS injury and diseases. This clarification should shed light on its potential clinical applications as a promising therapeutic target in neurological diseases.
Graphical Abstract
Intercellular mitochondrial transfer maintains the homeostasis of central nervous system (CNS), and its alteration is related to several neurological diseases. Supplementing exogenous mitochondrial donor cells and mitochondria, or utilizing some medications to regulate the process of transfer might mitigate the disease and injury.
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Abbreviations
- AD:
-
Alzheimer’s disease
- ALL:
-
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CSF:
-
Cerebrospinal fluid
- CytC:
-
Cytochrome C
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- EVs:
-
Extracellular vesicles
- FRDA:
-
Friedreich’s ataxia
- GJCs:
-
Gap junction channels
- HSPCs:
-
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
- IONPs:
-
Iron oxide nanoparticles
- iPSC-MSCs:
-
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- MDVs:
-
Mitochondrial-derived vesicles
- MMP:
-
Mitochondrial membrane potential
- MSCs:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells
- mtDNA:
-
Mitochondrial DNA
- NOX2:
-
NADPH oxidase-2
- OXPHOS:
-
Oxidative phosphorylation
- PD:
-
Parkinson’s Disease
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- TNTs:
-
Tunneling nanotubes
- α-syn:
-
α-synuclein
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82271361, 82101406) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20201234). Thank Yutong Liu, Yuanfei Luo, Zhihui Liu, and Liangyuan Pan for their assistance in writing and literature supplementation. Thank Figdraw for providing an online drawing tool to help finish figures in this review.
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82271361, 82101406) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20201234).
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Dong, W., Zhang, W., Yuan, L. et al. Rescuers from the Other Shore: Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer and Its Implications in Central Nervous System Injury and Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 43, 2525–2540 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-023-01331-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-023-01331-x