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Improving the mechanical, degradation properties and biocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite scaffold by the introduction of carboxylated bamboo fiber

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Abstract

In this work, carboxylated bamboo fiber (BF) was first incorporated into nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n-HA/CS) system to obtain a novel porous composite by freeze-drying method for bone tissue engineering scaffold. The results of infrared spectrometer analysis, scanning electron microscope observation, porosity and compressive strength test revealed that the ionic-crosslinking of carboxylated BF and CS played an important role in the formation of the composite scaffold with a highly orientation groove porous structure. Especially, when 30 wt% carboxylated BF was added, the compressive strength of n-HA/CS composite scaffold was enhanced up to over three times, and the porosity was still higher than 80%. Moreover, simulated body fluids soaking demonstrated that the introduction of carboxylated BF not only slowed down the degradation of n-HA/CS composite scaffold by the ionic-crosslinking, but also induced more apatite to deposit owing to the exposure of excessive carboxyl of carboxylated BF. Additionally, in vitro cell culture results indicated that the introduction of BF were helpful for cell compatibility. Conclusively, carboxylated BF endowed the scaffold with a highly interconnected orientation porous structure, excellent compressive strength, appropriate degradation and good biocompatibility, which would provide a new way for realizing high value-added applications of BF as a low-cost biomass resource.

Graphical abstract

In this manuscript, carboxylated bamboo (BF) was introduced to n-HA/chitosan (n-HA/CS) system, and the effect of carboxylated BF on the n-HA/CS composite scaffold was investigated. The results revealed that the carboxylated BF/n-HA/CS composite scaffold with high orientation groove porous structure could be obtained by freeze drying method, owing to the strong ionic cross-linking between carboxylated BF and CS, which endowed the novel modified BF/n-HA/CS composite scaffold with high mechanical properties, more suitable degradation and better bioactivity and biocompatibility. The study would offer a way of exploring the new application of natural BF in bone tissue engineering scaffold.

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Data availability

The raw data supporting the conclusion of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank School Life Science, Hunan Normal University to provide the support of cell culture experiment.

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-Chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People’s Republic of China

    Shuo Tang, Liuyun Jiang, Zhihong Jiang, Yingjun Ma, Yan Zhang & Shengpei Su

  2. Key Laboratory of Light Energy Conversion Materials of Hunan Province College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

    Shuo Tang, Liuyun Jiang, Zhihong Jiang, Yingjun Ma, Yan Zhang & Shengpei Su

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  1. Shuo Tang
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  5. Yan Zhang
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Contributions

S.T. is the lead author having conducting a great deal of the experiments and data analysis, and he wrote the first draft of the paper. L.J. contributed to the design of research and revising of the manuscript. Z.J., Y.M., Y.Z. and S.S. extensively edited and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Liuyun Jiang or Shengpei Su.

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The experimental protocol was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of Hunan Normal University.

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Tang, S., Jiang, L., Jiang, Z. et al. Improving the mechanical, degradation properties and biocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite scaffold by the introduction of carboxylated bamboo fiber. Cellulose 30, 1585–1597 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-05001-x

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