Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Relation Between Therapeutic Alliance and Treatment Motivation in Residential Youth Care: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis

  • Published:
Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigated the longitudinal relation between therapeutic alliance and treatment motivation in a sample of 174 adolescents receiving residential treatment in the Netherlands. Structural equation modeling with a cross-lagged panel design was used to examine the relation between therapeutic alliance and treatment motivation up to 9 months of treatment. Results revealed that autoregressive associations between initial therapeutic alliance and alliance at subsequent time points were significant, whereas for treatment motivation a significant association was found after 6 months, but not after 9 months. Results also showed that a higher level of therapeutic alliance after 3 months was predictive of a higher level of treatment motivation after 6 months. Furthermore, a higher level of therapeutic alliance after 6 months was predictive of a higher level of treatment motivation after 9 months. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahonen, L., & Degner, J. (2013). Staff group unanimity in the care of juveniles in institutional treatment: Routines, rituals, and relationships. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 52, 117–137. doi:10.1080/10509674.2012.751953.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arbuckle, J. L. (2011). IBM SPSS Amos 20 user’s guide. Crawfordville: Amos Development Corporation, SPSS Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates, B. C., English, D. J., & Kouidou-Giles, S. (1997). Residential treatment and its alternatives: A review of the literature. Child & Youth Care Forum, 26, 7–51. doi:10.1007/BF02589364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, K. D., Kiser, L. J., Herr, S. R., Stapleton, L. M., Barksdale, C. L., & Buckingham, S. (2014). Changes in treatment engagement of youths and families with complex needs. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 276–284. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.09.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bickman, L., Athay, M. M., Riemer, M., Lambert, E. W., Kelley, S. D., & Breda, C., et al. (Eds.). (2010). Manual of the Peabody treatment progress battery (2nd ed.). Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University (Electronic version). Retrieved from http://peabody.vanderbilt.edu/docs/pdf/cepi/ptpb_2nd_ed/PTPB_2010_Entire_Manual_UPDATE_31212.pdf.

  • Bickman, L., Vides de Andrade, A. R., Athay, M. M., Chen, J. I., De Nadai, A. S., Jordan-Arthur, B. L., & Karver, M. S. (2012). The relationship between change in therapeutic alliance ratings and improvement in youth symptom severity: Whose ratings matter the most? Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 39, 78–89. doi:10.1007/s10488-011-0398-0.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bickman, L., Vides de Andrade, A. R., Lambert, E. W., Doucette, A., Sapyta, J., Boyd, A. S., et al. (2004). Youth therapeutic alliance in intensive treatment settings. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 31, 134–148. doi:10.1007/BF02287377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, & Practice, 16, 252–260. doi:10.1037/h0085885.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bordin, E. S. (1994). Theory and research on the therapeutic working alliance: New directions. In A. O. Horvath & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The working alliance: Theory, research and practice (pp. 13–37). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breda, C., & Riemer, M. (2012). Motivation for Youth’s Treatment Scale (MYTS): A new tool for measuring motivation among youths and their caregivers. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 39, 118–132. doi:10.1007/s10488-012-0408-x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. R., Holloway, E. D., Akakpo, T. F., & Aalsma, M. C. (2014). Enhancing rapport and therapeutic alliance with previously-detained youth in the delivery of mental health services. Community Mental Health Journal, 50, 193–203. doi:10.1007/s10597-013-9617-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, M. J., Castonguay, L. G., Zack, S., & DeGeorge, J. (2010). Engagement in psychotherapy: Factors contributing to the facilitation, demise, and restoration of the therapeutic alliance. In D. Castro-Blanco & M. S. Karver (Eds.), Elusive alliance: Treatment engagement strategies with high-risk adolescents (pp. 199–209). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, W. S., Duffee, D. E., Huang, Y., Steinke, C. M., & Naccarato, T. (2009). On the meaning and measurement of engagement in youth residential treatment centers. Research on Social Work Practice, 19, 63–76. doi:10.1177/1049731508314505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darchuk, A. J. (2007). The role of the therapeutic alliance and its relationship to treatment outcome and client motivation in an adolescent substance abuse treatment setting. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Ohio University, Athens.

  • De Swart, J. J. W., Van den Broek, H., Stams, G. J. J. M., Asscher, J. J., Van der Laan, P. H., Holsbrink-Engels, G. A., & Van der Helm, G. H. P. (2012). The effectiveness of institutional youth care. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 1818–1824. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.05.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology, 49, 182–185. doi:10.1037/a0012801.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Degner, J., Henriksen, A., & Oscarsson, L. (2010). Investing in a formal relationship: Support persons’ view of treatment involvement regarding young persons in residential care. Qualitative Social Work, 9, 321–342. doi:10.1177/1473325010368582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiGiuseppe, R., Linscott, J., & Jilton, R. (1996). The therapeutic alliance in adolescent psychotherapy. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 5, 85–100. doi:10.1016/S0962-1849(96)80002-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, B. L., Miller, S. D., Wampold, B. E., & Hubble, M. A. (2010). The heart and soul of change: Delivering what works in therapy (2nd ed.). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Duppong Hurley, K., Lambert, M. C., Van Ryzin, M., Sullivan, J., & Stevens, A. L. (2013). Therapeutic alliance between youth and staff in residential group care: Psychometrics of the Therapeutic Alliance Quality Scale. Children and Youth Services Review, 35, 56–64. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.10.009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duppong Hurley, K., Van Ryzin, M. J., Lambert, M., & Stevens, A. L. (2014). Examining change in therapeutic alliance to predict youth mental health outcomes. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders,. doi:10.1177/1063426614541700.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Elvins, R., & Green, J. (2008). The conceptualization and measurement of therapeutic alliance: An empirical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1167–1187. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eyrich-Garg, K. M. (2008). Strategies for engaging adolescent girls at an emergency shelter in a therapeutic relationship: Recommendations from the girls themselves. Journal of Social Work Practice: Psychotherapeutic Approaches in Health, Welfare and the Community, 22, 375–388. doi:10.1080/02650530802396700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faw, L., Hogue, A., Johnson, S., Diamond, G. M., & Liddle, H. A. (2005). The Adolescent Therapeutic Alliance Scale (ATAS): Initial psychometrics and prediction of outcome in family-based substance abuse prevention counseling. Psychotherapy Research, 15, 141–154. doi:10.1080/10503300512331326994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzpatrick, M. R., & Irannejad, S. (2008). Adolescent readiness for change and the working alliance in counselling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86, 438–445. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00532.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fjermestad, K. W., McLeod, B. D., Heiervang, E. R., Havik, O. E., Öst, L., & Haugland, B. S. M. (2012). Factor structure and validity of the therapy process observational coding system for child psychotherapy—Alliance scale. Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41, 246–254. doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.651999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Florsheim, P., Shotorbani, S., Guest-Warnick, G., Barrat, T., & Hwang, W. C. (2000). Role of the working alliance in the treatment of delinquent boys in community-based programs. Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychology, 29, 94–107. doi:10.1207/S15374424jccp2901_10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frensch, K. M., & Cameron, G. (2002). Treatment of choice or a last resort? A review of residential mental health placements for children and youth. Child & Youth Care Forum, 31, 307–339. doi:10.1023/A:1016826627406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, J. (2006). Annotation: The therapeutic alliance—A significant but neglected variable in child mental health treatment studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 425–435. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01516.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, H. J. (2005). Outcomes for children and adolescents after residential treatment: A review of research from 1993 to 2003. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 14, 551–575. doi:10.1007/s10826-005-7188-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handwerk, M. L., Huefner, J. C., Ringle, J. L., Howard, B. K., Soper, S. H., Almquist, J. K., & Chmelka, M. B. (2008). The role of therapeutic alliance in therapy outcomes for youth in residential care. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 25, 145–165. doi:10.1080/08865710802310152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harder, A. T. (2011). The downside up? A study of factors associated with a successful course of treatment for adolescents in secure residential care. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen.

  • Harder, A. T., Knorth, E. J., & Kalverboer, M. E. (2014). Risky or needy? Dynamic risk factors and delinquent behavior of adolescents in secure residential youth care. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59, 1047–1065. doi:10.1177/0306624X14531036.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen, A., Degner, J., & Oscarsson, L. (2008). Youths in coercive residential care: Attitudes towards key staff members’ personal involvement, from a therapeutic alliance perspective. European Journal of Social Work, 11, 145–159. doi:10.1080/13691450701531976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, T. (2005). ‘[Sham Alliance: Treatment collaboration between delinquent youths and staff in correctional institutions]’, Allians under tvång: Behandlingssamarbete mellan elever och personal på särskilda ungdomashem. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Department of Behavioural Science. Linköping University.

  • Hogue, A., Dauber, S., Stambaugh, L. F., Cecero, J. J., & Liddle, H. A. (2006). Early therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome in individual and family therapy for adolescent behavior problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 121–129. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.1.121.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Holmqvist, R., Hill, T., & Lang, A. (2007). Treatment alliance in residential treatment of criminal adolescents. Child & Youth Care Forum, 36, 163–178. doi:10.1007/s10566-007-9037-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horvath, A. O. (2005). The therapeutic relationship: Research and theory. Psychotherapy Research, 15, 3–7. doi:10.1080/10503300512331339143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iachini, A. L., Hock, R. M., Thomas, M., & Clone, S. (2015). Exploring the youth and parent perspective on practitioner behaviors that promote treatment engagement. Journal of Family Social Work, 18, 57–73. doi:10.1080/10522158.2014.974293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karver, M. S., Handelsman, J. B., Fields, S., & Bickman, L. (2005). A theoretical model of common process factors in youth and family therapy. Mental Health Services Research, 7, 35–51. doi:10.1007/s11020-005-1964-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karver, M. S., Handelsman, J. B., Fields, S., & Bickman, L. (2006). Meta-analysis of therapeutic relationship variables in youth and family therapy: The evidence for different relationship variables in the child and adolescent treatment outcome literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 50–65. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.09.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H., Munson, M. R., & McKay, M. (2012). Engagement in mental health care among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review. Child and Adolescent Social Work, 29, 241–266. doi:10.1007/s10560-012-0256-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2002). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy, 38, 357–361. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, M. C., Duppong Hurley, K., Athay-Tomlinson, M. M., & Stevens, A. L. (2013). Measurement properties of the Motivation for Youth Treatment Scale with a residential group home population. Child & Youth Care Forum, 42, 555–570. doi:10.1007/s10566-013-9217y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamers, A., Delsing, M. J. M. H., Van Widenfelt, B. M., & Vermeiren, R. R. J. M. (2015). A measure of the parent-team alliance in youth residential psychiatry: The Revised Short Working Alliance Inventory. Child & Youth Care Forum,. doi:10.1007/s10566-015-9306-1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsey, M. A., Brandt, N. E., Becker, K. D., Lee, B. R., Barth, R. P., Daleiden, E. L., & Chorpita, B. F. (2014). Identifying the common elements of treatment engagement interventions in children’s mental health Services. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12, 283–298. doi:10.1007/s10567-013-0163-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipsey, M. W. (2009). The primary factors that characterize effective interventions with juvenile offenders: A meta-analytic overview. Victims and Offenders, 4, 124–147. doi:10.1080/15564880802612573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manso, A., Rauktis, M. E., & Boyd, A. S. (2008). Youth expectations about therapeutic alliance in a residential setting. Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 25, 55–72. doi:10.1080/08865710802209826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markland, D., Ryan, R. M., Tobin, V. J., & Rollnick, S. (2005). Motivational interviewing and self-determination theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 811–831. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martens, M. P., & Haase, R. F. (2006). Advanced applications of structural equation modeling in counseling psychology research. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 878–911. doi:10.1177/0011000005283395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLeod, B. D. (2011). Relation of the alliance with outcomes in youth psychotherapy: Meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 603–616. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.02.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLeod, B. D., & Weisz, J. R. (2005). The therapy process observavional coding system-alliance scale: Measure characteristics and prediction of outcome in usual clinical practice. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 323–333. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.2.323.

  • Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2002). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998). Mplus user’s guide. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nijhof, K. S., Veerman, J. W., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Scholte, R. H. J. (2011). Compulsory residential care: An examination of treatment improvement of individual and family functioning. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 1779–1785. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.05.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nijhof, K. S., Vermulst, A. A., Veerman, J. W., VanDam, C., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Scholte, R. H. J. (2012). The associations between structural treatment characteristics and post-treatment functioning in compulsory residential youth care. Child & Youth Care Forum, 41, 387–406. doi:10.1007/s10566-011-9152-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norcross, J. C. (2010). The therapeutic relationship. In D. Castro-Blanco & M. S. Karver (Eds.), Elusive alliance: Treatment engagement strategies with high-risk adolescents. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norcross, J. C., Krebs, P. M., & Prochaska, J. O. (2011). Stages of change. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 143–154. doi:10.1002/jclp.20758.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oetzel, K. B., & Scherer, D. G. (2003). Therapeutic engagement with adolescents in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice and Training, 40, 215–225. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.40.3.215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orsi, M., Lafortune, D., & Brochu, S. (2010). Care and control: Working alliance among adolescents in authoritarian settings. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 27, 277–303. doi:10.1080/0886571X.2010.520637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parhar, K. K., Wormith, J. S., Derkzen, D. M., & Beauregard, A. M. (2008). Offender coercion in treatment: A meta-analysis of effectiveness. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35, 1109–1135. doi:10.1177/0093854808320169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1984). The transtheoretical approach: Crossing traditional boundaries of therapy. Homewood: Dow Jones-Irwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roest, J. J., Van der Helm, G. H. P., Strijbosch, E. L. L., Van Brandenburg, M. E. T., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2014). Measuring therapeutic alliance with children in residential treatment and therapeutic day care: A validation study of the Children’s Alliance Questionnaire. Research on Social Work Practice,. doi:10.1177/1049731514540478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, M. R., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54–67. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). A self-determination theory approach to psychotherapy: The motivational basis for effective change. Canadian Psychology, 49, 186–193. doi:10.1037/a0012753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sameroff, A. (2009). The transactional model of development: How children and contexts shape each other. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Scholte, E. M., & Van der Ploeg, J. D. (2006). Residential treatment of youngsters with severe behavioural problems. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 641–654. doi:10.1177/0907568200007002002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, C. A., Mulvey, E. P., Loughran, T. A., & Losoya, S. H. (2012). Perceptions of institutional experience and community outcomes for serious adolescent offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39, 71–93. doi:10.1177/0093854811426710.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shelef, K., & Diamond, G. M. (2008). Short form of the revised Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale: Development, reliability and validity. Psychotherapy Research, 18, 433–443. doi:10.1080/10503300701810801.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shirk, S. R., & Karver, M. S. (2003). Prediction of treatment outcome from relationship variables in child and adolescent therapy: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 452–464. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.3.452.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shirk, S. R., Karver, M. S., & Brown, R. (2011). The alliance in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 48, 17–24. doi:10.1037/a0022181.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shirk, S. R., & Saiz, C. (1992). Clinical, empirical, and developmental perspectives on the therapeutic relationship in child psychotherapy. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 713–728. doi:10.1017/S0954579400004946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B. D., Duffee, D. E., Steinke, C. M., Huang, Y., & Larkin, H. (2008). Outcomes in residential treatment for youth: The role of early engagement. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 1425–1436. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.04.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Souverein, F. A., Van der Helm, G. H. P., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2013). “Nothing works” in secure residential youth care? Children and Youth Services Review, 35, 1941–1945. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.09.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staudt, M. (2007). Treatment engagement with caregivers of at-risk children: Gaps in research and conceptualization. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16, 183–196. doi:10.1007/s10826-006-9077-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, S. J., Bender, K., Lantry, J., & Flynn, P. M. (2007). Treatment engagement: Building therapeutic alliance in home-based treatment with adolescents and their families. Contemporary Family Therapy, 29, 39–55. doi:10.1037/h0094494.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vallerand, R. J., & Bissonnette, R. (1992). Intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivational styles as predictors of behavior: A prospective study. Journal of Personality, 60, 599–620. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00922.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Binsbergen, M. H. (2003). Motivatie voor behandeling: Ontwikkeling van behandelmotivatie in een justitiële instelling. Apeldoorn: Garant.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Helm, G. H. P. (2011). First do no harm. Living group climate in secure juvenile correctional institutions. (Doctoral dissertation) Amsterdam: Uitgeverij SWP.

  • Van der Helm, G. H. P., Boekee, I., Stams, G. J. J. M., & Van der Laan, P. H. (2011a). Fear is the key. Keeping the delicate balance between flexibility and control in a Dutch youth prison. Journal of Children’s Services, 4, 248–263. doi:10.1108/17466661111190947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Helm, G. H. P., Stams, G. J. J. M., & Van der Laan, P. H. (2011b). Measuring group climate in prison. The Prison Journal, 91, 158–177. doi:10.1177/0032885511403595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Helm, G. H. P., Wissink, I. B., De Jong, T., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2012). Measuring treatment motivation in secure juvenile facilities. The International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57, 996–1008. doi:10.1177/0306624X12443798.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verdonck, E., Jaspaert, E., Vervaeke, G., & Bogaerts, S. (2009). Motivatie voor gedragsinterventies bij jeugdige justitiabelen: meetinstrumenten beoordeeld. [Motivation for behavioral interventions for delinquent youth]. Leuven: WODC.

  • Vermaes, I. P. R., & Nijhof, K. S. (2014). Zijn jongeren in JeugdzorgPlus anders dan jongeren in de open residentiële jeugdzorg? [Are juveniles in secured youth care different from juveniles in open residential youth care?]. Orthopedagogiek: Onderzoek & Praktijk, 52, 33–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zack, S., Castonquay, L., & Boswell, J. (2007). Youth working alliance: a core clinical construct in need of empirical maturity. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 15, 278–288. doi:10.1080/10673220701803867.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Youth Expert Centre, Leiden University of Applied Sciences, Zernikedreef 11, P.O. Box 382, 2300 AJ, Leiden, The Netherlands

    J. J. Roest & G. H. P. Van der Helm

  2. Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    G. J. J. M. Stams

Authors
  1. J. J. Roest
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. H. P. Van der Helm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. J. J. M. Stams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. J. Roest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Roest, J.J., Van der Helm, G.H.P. & Stams, G.J.J.M. The Relation Between Therapeutic Alliance and Treatment Motivation in Residential Youth Care: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis. Child Adolesc Soc Work J 33, 455–468 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-016-0438-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-016-0438-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation