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Everolimus plus endocrine therapy beyond CDK4/6 inhibitors progression for HR+ /HER2− advanced breast cancer: a real-world evidence cohort

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Abstract

Purpose

Everolimus in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) was formerly approved as 2nd-line therapy in HR(+)/HER2(−) advanced breast cancer (aBC) patients (pts) progressing during or after a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI). Since this approval, the treatment landscape of aBC has changed dramatically, particularly with the arrival of CDK 4–6 inhibitors. Endocrine monotherapy after progression to CDK4/6 inhibitors has shown a limited progression-free survival (PFS), below 3 months. Evidence of the efficacy of everolimus plus ET after CDK4/6 inhibitors is scarce.

Methods

A retrospective observational study of patients with aBC treated with everolimus and ET beyond CDK4/6-i progression compiled from February 2015 to December 2022 in 4 Spanish hospitals was performed. Clinical and demographic data were collected from medical records. The main objective was to estimate the median progression-free survival (mPFS). Everolimus adverse events (AE) were registered. Quantitative variables were summarized with medians; qualitative variables with proportions and the Kaplan–Meier method were used for survival estimates.

Results

One hundred sixty-one patients received everolimus plus ET (exemestane: 96, fulvestrant: 54, tamoxifen: 10, unknown: 1) after progressing on a CDK4/6 inhibitor. The median follow-up time was 15 months (interquartile range: 1–56 months). The median age at diagnosis was 49 years (range: 35–90 years). The estimated mPFS was 6.0 months (95%CI 5.3–7.8 months). PFS was longer in patients with previous CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy lasting for > 18 months (8.7 months, 95%CI 6.6–11.3 months), in patients w/o visceral metastases (8.0 months, 95%CI 5.8–10.5 months), and chemotherapy-naïve in the metastatic setting (7.2 months, 95%CI 5.9–8.4 months).

Conclusion

This retrospective analysis cohort of everolimus plus ET in mBC patients previously treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor suggests a longer estimated mPFS when compared with the mPFS with ET monotherapy obtained from current randomized clinical data. Everolimus plus ET may be considered as a valid control arm in novel clinical trial designs.

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Acknowledgements

We thank other investigators: Javier Benítez, Macarena Rey, Justo Ortega, Andrea Modrego, Rocío Martín, Luis Figuero, Roberto Jiménez, Marta González Sevilla, Irene González, Marianela Bringas, María de Toro, Tatiana Massarrah, María del Monte-Millán, and Marina Pinardo.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. Both first authors [Sanchez-Bayona and Lopez de Sa] contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

    Rodrigo Sánchez-Bayona, Manuel Alva, Pablo Tolosa, Laura Lema, Ainhoa Madariaga, Luis Manso & Eva Ciruelos

  2. Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain

    Alfonso Lopez de Sa, Fernando Moreno, Alicia de Luna & Jose A. Garcia-Saenz

  3. Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain

    Yolanda Jerez Gilarranz, Isabel Echavarria, Blanca Herrero Lopez, Salvador Gamez Casado, Sara López-Tarruella & Miguel Martin

  4. Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Parla, Spain

    Ana Sanchez de Torre & Coralia Bueno-Muiño

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  1. Rodrigo Sánchez-Bayona
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by RSB and ALS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by RSB and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Miguel Martin.

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Competing interests

R.S.B. has received honoraria as speaker: Novartis, AstraZeneca, MSD, Lilly, GSK, Clovis, Seagen, Pfizer, Roche, and Gilead Oncology, Advisory fees: Novartis, Lilly, GSK, Seagen, and Roche, and Non-financial disclosure: ESMO Young Oncologists Committee Member and Scientific Secretary of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology; A.L.S. has received a speaker honorarium from Pfizer, Novartis, Daiichi-Sankyo, MSD, and Accord; Y.J.G. has received speaker honoraria from Roche, Novartis, Pfizer and Daiichi and travel grants from Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, and Daiichi and Gilead; A.S.T. declares no conflict of interest; M.A. has received a speaker honorarium from Novartis, Pfizer, Lilly, Gilead, and AstraZeneca; I.E.D.G. has received a speaker honorarium from Pfizer, Novartis, Lilly, Gilead, AstraZeneca, and Daiichi-Sankyo; F.M. has received consultancy/speaker fees from Novartis, Roche, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, Exact Sciences, Seagen, and Pierre Fabre and Institution research funding from Pfizer, Travel support from Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, and Gilead; P.T. is a Consultant or played Advisory Role in AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Novartis, Roche, Adamed, and Seagen, Speaker honorarium: Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Lilly, AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, and Seagen, Travel grants: Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Novartis, and GSK, and Research funding: Seagen; B.H.L. has received a speaker honorarium from Roche, Novartis, PharmaMar, Eisai, Pfizer, Teva, Kyowa Kirin, AstraZeneca, GSK, Daiichi-Sankyo, and Gilead as well as travel/educational grants from Roche, Pfizer, Novartis, Merck, Kyowa Kirin, Pierre Fabre, and Lilly; A.L. has received financial support for attending symposia and speaker honorarium from Eli Lilly & Co. and Novartis, which is not relevant to this study; L.L. declares no conflict of interest; S.G.C. declares no conflict of interest; A.M. has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Clovis, GSK, MSD, and PharmaMar; S.L.T. has not received research grants to disclose nor owns stocks to disclose, speaker honorarium from Lilly, advisory role for AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Gebro Pharma, Gilead, GSK, Lilly, Menarini_Stemline, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, and Seagen and is a member of board of directors of SEOM and GEICAM; L.M. has received a speaker honorarium from Novartis; C.B. has received speakers’ honoraria: Roche, Novartis, Lilly, Daiichi AstraZeneca, and GSK, travel grant: Roche, Novartis, and Pfizer; J.A.G.S. declares consultative and advisory services for Seagen, AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Novartis, Gilead, and Menarini, Consultancy/speaker fees from Celgene, Eli Lilly, EISAI, MSD, Exact Sciences, Tecnofarma, Nolver (Adium), Asofarma, and Roche, Institution and research funding from AstraZeneca, and Travel support from Gilead, AstraZeneca, and Daiichi-Sankyo; E.C. has received research grants from Roche and has received a speaker honorarium and Advisory Board meetings from Astra Zeneca-Daiichi-Sankyo, Roche, Pfizer, Novartis, MSD, Lilly, Gilead, and no owns stock in any company; M.M has received research grants from Roche, PUMA, and Novartis, consulting/advisory fees from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Taiho Oncology, Roche/Genentech, Novartis, PharmaMar, Eli Lilly, PUMA, Taiho Oncology, Daiichi-Sankyo, Menarini/Stemline, and Pfizer and speakers’ honoraria from AstraZeneca, Lilly, Amgen, Roche/Genentech, Novartis, and Pfizer.

Ethical approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (May 17th 2022/CEIm 22/206) and subsequently approved by each institutional Research Ethics Board.

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Sánchez-Bayona, R., Lopez de Sa, A., Jerez Gilarranz, Y. et al. Everolimus plus endocrine therapy beyond CDK4/6 inhibitors progression for HR+ /HER2− advanced breast cancer: a real-world evidence cohort. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-024-07324-8

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