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Automatic, Early Color-Specific Neural Responses to Object Color Knowledge

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Abstract

Some familiar objects are associated with specific colors, e.g., rubber ducks with yellow. Whether and at what stage neural responses occur to these color associations remain open questions. We recorded frequency-tagged electroencephalogram (EEG) responses to periodic presentations of yellow-associated objects, shown among sequences of non-periodic blue-, red-, and green-associated objects. Both color and grayscale versions of the objects elicited yellow-specific responses, indicating an automatic activation of color knowledge from object shape. Follow-up experiments replicated these effects with green-specific responses, and demonstrated modulated responses for incongruent color/object associations. Importantly, the onset of color-specific responses was as early to grayscale as actually colored stimuli (before 100 ms), the latter additionally eliciting a conventional later response (approximately 140–230 ms) to actual stimulus color. This suggests that the neural representation of familiar objects includes both diagnostic shape and color properties, such that shape can elicit associated color-specific responses before actual color-specific responses occur.

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Data availability

The EEG datasets acquired for the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to those who gave feedback on earlier versions of this work: Alex Wade, Olivier Collignon, Valérie Goffaux, Dennis Mathew, and three anonymous reviewers.

Funding

This work was supported by grants EY-010834 and P20 GM103650, and grant FC7159. The authors have no other financial or non-financial interests related to the work submitted for publication.

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Author notes

  1. Talia L. Retter

    Present address: Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Science and Assessment, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg

  2. Yi Gao

    Present address: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, USA

    Talia L. Retter, Yi Gao, Fang Jiang & Michael A. Webster

  2. Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Talia L. Retter & Bruno Rossion

  3. Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, 54000, Nancy, France

    Bruno Rossion

  4. Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, 54000, Nancy, France

    Bruno Rossion

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Contributions

The experiment was designed by T.L.R. using a frequency-tagging oddball paradigm conceived by B.R. The stimuli were made by T.L.R. and M.A.W. The data were collected by Y.G., T.L.R., and M.A.W. The data were analyzed and the original manuscript draft was written and illustrated by T.L.R. The manuscript was edited and revised by M.A.W., B.R., F.J., and T.L.R. Resources were provided by F.J., B.R., and M.A.W.

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Correspondence to Talia L. Retter.

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The study was conducted in accordance with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki), and approved by the University of Nevada, Reno’s Institutional Review Board.

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Retter, T.L., Gao, Y., Jiang, F. et al. Automatic, Early Color-Specific Neural Responses to Object Color Knowledge. Brain Topogr 36, 710–726 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-023-00979-4

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