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Longitudinal shifts in dissolved organic matter chemogeography and chemodiversity within headwater streams: a river continuum reprise

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Abstract

We tested a long-standing hypothesis within river ecology, predicted by the River Continuum Concept, that dissolved organic matter (DOM) diversity decreases with stream order. We measured DOM molecular composition across three stream orders in the headwaters of well characterized forested catchments with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry to assess DOM chemogeography and chemodiversity over the spatial scales of climatic regions and fluvial networks. Stream waters with similar dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in different climatic regions had distinctive DOM compositions, but shared 69.5 % of the 3286 individual chemical formulae detected. DOM compositions common to all watersheds were characterized by abundant lignin-like and tannin-like molecules as well as carboxyl-rich alicyclic-like molecules (CRAM); 50 % of all formulae were found in all streams. Of the roughly 700 unique chemical formulae within a given fluvial network, most were outside the CRAM region within a van Krevelen diagram and 78 to 95 % were restricted to 1st-order streams where diffuse ground water sources surface, coalesce into a channel, and flow downstream. The 1st-order streams within a fluvial network also exhibited the highest formula diversity as well as the greatest numbers of formulae across a broad range of compound classes.

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Acknowledgments

This research was made possible by the National Science Foundation DEB Grant No. 11-20717 and facilitated by infrastructure associated with DEB Grant No. 1052716 for White Clay Creek and DEB Grant No. 0526516 for Rio Tempisquito. NHMFL work was supported by NSF Division of Materials Research through DMR-11-57490, the Florida State University Future Fuels Institute, BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to the Deep-C Consortium, and the State of Florida. Partial funding was provided by Stroud™ Water Research Center’s Research Endowment fund. Sampling efforts were assisted by Sherman Roberts, Michael Gentile, Rafael Morales and Cristian Collado.

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  1. Jennifer J. Mosher

    Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Way, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stroud Water Research Center, 970 Spencer Rd., Avondale, PA, 19311, USA

    Jennifer J. Mosher & Louis A. Kaplan

  2. Future Fuels Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA

    David C. Podgorski

  3. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA

    Amy M. McKenna & Alan G. Marshall

  4. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA

    Alan G. Marshall

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Correspondence to Louis A. Kaplan.

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Mosher, J.J., Kaplan, L.A., Podgorski, D.C. et al. Longitudinal shifts in dissolved organic matter chemogeography and chemodiversity within headwater streams: a river continuum reprise. Biogeochemistry 124, 371–385 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0103-6

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