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Anaerobic degradation of azo dye Drimaren blue HFRL in UASB reactor in the presence of yeast extract a source of carbon and redox mediator

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Abstract

This paper presents results on anaerobic degradation of the azo dye blue HFRL in a bench scale Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor operated at ambient temperature. The results show that the addition of yeast extract (500 mg/L) increased color removal (P < 0.05) from 62 to 93% despite the low chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (~35%) which happened due to volatile fatty acids (VFA) accumulation. There were no differences in color removal (~91%) when yeast extract (500 mg/L) was used in the presence or absence of glucose, suggesting that yeast extract acted as source of redox mediator (riboflavin) and carbon. The specific rate of dye removal increased along the operational phases and depended on the presence of yeast extract, suggesting progressive biomass acclimatization. Analysis of bacterial diversity by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) method showed there was biomass selection along the bioreactor operation and no evidence of azo dye degrading bacteria predominance. This strengthens the hypothesis that color removal happens extracellularly by the reduction of azo bond by reduced redox mediators, such as riboflavin, which is present in high amount in the yeast extract.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the following institutions for their financial support: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–CAPES, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico–CNPq, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais–FAPEMIG, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto-UFOP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil

    B. E. L. Baêta, S. F. Aquino, S. Q. Silva & C. A. Rabelo

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  1. B. E. L. Baêta
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  2. S. F. Aquino
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  3. S. Q. Silva
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  4. C. A. Rabelo
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Correspondence to S. F. Aquino.

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Baêta, B.E.L., Aquino, S.F., Silva, S.Q. et al. Anaerobic degradation of azo dye Drimaren blue HFRL in UASB reactor in the presence of yeast extract a source of carbon and redox mediator. Biodegradation 23, 199–208 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-011-9499-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-011-9499-4

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