Abstract
Continuously feed-based aquaculture leads to excessive nitrogen and phosphate loads, degrading the culture environment. In this study, lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) was planted in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson) culture ponds to construct an integrated agriculture–aquaculture system to reduce nutrient accumulation and remediate the aquacultural environment. Results showed that additional lotus cultivation significantly reduced TN and TP concentrations in the pond water by 51.81% and 34.68%, respectively. Meanwhile, the concentrations of NH4+-N, TN, and TP in the sediment of co-culture ponds significantly decreased by 54.12%, 8.55%, and 10.85%, respectively, at the conclusion of the experiment period. Additionally, with the growth of lotus, the co-culture ponds exhibited significantly lower nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes across the sediment–water interface. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the NH4+-N flux and TN concentration in the water and between TN flux and NO3−-N concentration in the water, respectively. This study suggests that the lotus-fish co-culture offers an optimal integrated agriculture–aquaculture system capable of mitigating excessive nutrient loads and improving the aquacultural environment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data that supports the findings of this study is available on request from the corresponding author.
References
Akinbile CO, Yusoff MS (2012) Assessing water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassopes) and lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) effectiveness in aquaculture wastewater treatment. Int J Phytoremediat 14(3):201–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2011.587482
Avnimelech Y, Ritvo G (2003) Shrimp and fish pond soils: processes and management. Aquaculture 220(1-4):549–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00641-5
Bao SD (2000) Soil agrochemical analysis. China Agricultural Press, Beijing, pp 67–72
Boyd CE, Tucker CS (2014) Handbook for aquaculture water quality. Craftmaster Printers, Auburn, Alabama
Chatvijitkul S, Boyd CE, Davis DA, McNevin AA (2017) Pollution potential indicators for feed-based fish and shrimp culture. Aquaculture 477:43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.04.034
Chen YS, Li ZJ (2007) Analysis of environmental and economical effectiveness in planting lotus in typical fish ponds in areas along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Resour Environ Yangtze Basin 16(5):609–614
Enduta A, Jusoh A, Ali N, Wan Nik WB(2011) Nutrient removal from aquaculture wastewater by vegetable production in aquaponics recirculation system. Desalin Water Treat 32(1–3):422–430. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2761
Fan CX (2019) Advances and prospect in sediment-water interface of lakes:a review. J Lake Sci 31(5):1191–1218. https://doi.org/10.18307/2019.0514
Fan CX, Zhang L, Yang LY, Huang WY, Xu PZ (2002) Simulation of internal loadings of nitrogen and phosphorus in a lake. Ocean Et Limn Sinica 33(4):370–378
Fan CX, Zhang L, Qin BQ, Wang SM, Hu WH, Zhang C (2004) Estimation on dynamic release of phosphorus from wind-induced suspended particulate matter in Lake Taihu. Sci China Series D 47(8):710–719. https://doi.org/10.1360/02yd0438
Feng JF, Li FB, Zhou XY, Xu CC, Fang FP (2016) Nutrient removal ability and economical benefit of a rice-fish co-culture system in aquaculture pond. Ecol Eng 94:315–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.002
Ghaly AE, Kamal M, Mahmoud NS (2005) Phytoremediation of aquaculture wastewater for water recycling and production of fish feed. Environ Int 31(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.05.011
Huang SL, Wu M, Zang CJ, Du SL, Domagalski J, Gajewska M, Gao F, Lin C, Guo Y, Liu BY, Wang SM, Luo Y, Szymkiewicz A, Szymkiewicz R (2016) Dynamics of algae growth and nutrients in experimental enclosures culturing bighead carp and common carp: phosphorus dynamics. Int J Sediment Res 31(2):173–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2016.01.003
Huang XL, Guo YM, Zhang YM, Wu CX, Liu JT (2019) Controlling of internal phosphorus and nitrogen loading in lake sediment by submerged macrophytes and its application. J Eco Rural Environ 35(12):1524–1530. https://doi.org/10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0273
Idris SM, Jones PL, Salzman SA, Croatto G, Allinson G (2012) Evaluation of the giant reed (Arundo donax) in horizontal subsurface flow wetlands for the treatment of recirculating aquaculture system effluent. Environ Sci Pollut Res 19(4):1159–1170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0642-x
Jiang SQ, Xie ST, Zheng YZ, Ke F, Zhang C X, Feng MH, Gao HY (2022) Comparative analysis of four universal estimation methods of nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes in lake sediments. J Lake Sci 34(6):1923–1936. https://doi.org/10.18307/2022.0610
Lam SS, Ma NL, Jusoh A, Ambak MA (2015) Biological nutrient removal by recirculating aquaponic system: optimization of the dimension ratio between the hydroponic & rearing tank components. Int Biodeter Biodegr 102:107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.03.012
Li W, Ding HY, Zhang FY, Zhang TL, Liu JS, Li ZJ (2016) Effects of water spinach Ipomoea aquatica cultivation on water quality and performance of Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis pond culture. Aquacult Environ Interact 8:567–574. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00198
Li FB, Feng JF, Zhou XY, Liu YB, Xu CC, Ji L, Chen ZD, Jijakli MH, Fang FP, Zhang WJ (2020) Effect of rice-fish/shrimp co-culture on sediment resuspension and associated nutrients release in intensive aquaculture ponds. Arch Agron Soil Sci 66(7):971–982. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2019.1649395
Li SN, Gu QH, Li ZX, Zeng QQ, Zhong H, Liu MQ, Chen JY, Zhou Y, Liu SJ, Hu SB (2023) The effects of lotus-fish co-culture on the gut microbiome of Hefang crucian carp (Carassis auratus). Reprod Breeding 3(3):143–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repbre.2023.09.001
Liu YB, Qin L, Li FB, Zhou XY, Xu CC, Ji L, Chen ZD, Feng JF, Fang FP (2019) Impact of rice-catfish/shrimp co-culture on nutrients fluxes across sediment-water interface in intensive aquaculture ponds. Rice Sci 26(6):416–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2019.06.001
Ma L, Zhu J, Chen Q, Li W, Huang GH (2017) Beneficial effects of fish stocking on performance and pest control in the lotus field system. Aquacult Environ Interact 9:321–329. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00237
Mamat NZ, Shaari MI, Wahab NAAA (2016) The production of catfish and vegetables in an aquaponic system. Fish Aquac J 7: 181. https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000181
Muller-Feuga A (2013) Microalgae for aquaculture: the current global situation and future trends. In: Richmond A, Hu Q (eds) Handbook of microalgal culture: applied phycology and biotechnology, 2nd edn, Wiley- Blackwell, West Sussex, pp 613–627
Nicholaus R, Zheng Z (2014) The effects of bioturbation by the Venus clam Cyclina sinensis on the fluxes of nutrients across the sediment–water interface in aquaculture ponds. Aquacult Int 22(2):913–924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-013-9716-8
Nordin A, Högberg P, Näsholm T (2001) Soil nitrogen form and plant nitrogen uptake along a boreal forest productivity gradient. Oecologia 129:125–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100698
Pi K, Zhang M, Li BM, Li GC (2018) Diffusion fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus across sediment-water interface in different aquaculture model ponds.J Fish China 42(2):246–256. https://doi.org/10.11964/jfc.20161210622
Pillay TVR (2004) Aquaculture and the environment, 2nd edn. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, United Kingdom
Snow A, Ghaly AE (2008) A comparative study of the purification of aquaculture wastewater using water hyacinth, water lettuce and parrot’s feather. Am J Applied Sci 5(4):440–453. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2008.440.453
Song J, Li Q, Wang XC (2019) Superposition effect of floating and fixed beds in series for enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a multistage pond system. Sci Total Environ 695:133678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133678
SEPA (2002) Water and wastewater monitoring analysis method, 4th edn. China Environmental Science Press, Beijing, pp 243–284
Tucker CS, Hargreaves JA (2008) Environmental best management practices for aquaculture. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames Iowa
Vanacker M, Wezel A, Arthaud F, Guérin M, Robin J (2016) Determination of tipping points for aquatic plants and water quality parameters in fish pond systems: a multi-year approach. Ecol Indic 64:39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.12.033
Wei N, Yu DG, Xie J, Wang GJ, Yu EM, Gong WB, Li ZF, Xia Y (2015) Vertical distribution of the nutrients in overlying and interstitial waters and their interface diffusion rates in tilapia greenhouse aquaculture ponds. J Fish Sci China 22(4):716–728. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1118.2015.140434
Wongkiew S, Hu Z, Chandran K, Lee JW, Khanal SK (2017) Nitrogen transformations in aquaponic systems: a review. Aquacult Eng 76:9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.01.004
Yang P, Jin BS, Tan LS, Tong C (2017a) Temporal variation of nutrients fluxes across the sediment-water interface of shrimp ponds and influencing factors in the Jiulong River estuary. Acta Ecol Sin 37(1):192–203. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201603130448
Yang P, Lai DYF, Jin BS, Bastviken D, Tan LS, Tong C (2017b) Dynamics of dissolved nutrients in the aquaculture shrimp ponds of the Min River estuary, China: concentrations, fluxes and environmental loads. Sci Total Environ 603–604:256–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.074
Yi Y, Lin CK, Diana JS (2002) Recycling pond mud nutrients in integrated lotus–fish culture. Aquac 212(1–4):213–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00022-4
Yuan T, Wang QD, Li W, Guo C, Zhang TL, Liu JS (2019) Water quality, nutrient budgets and growth performance in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson) and lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) co-culture systems. Aquac Res 50(10):3050–3059. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14264
Zhong D, Wang F, Dong S, Li L (2015) Impact of Litopenaeus vannamei bioturbation on nitrogen dynamics and benthic fluxes at the sediment–water interface in pond aquaculture. Aquacult Int 23(4):967–980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-014-9855-6
Funding
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD2400501), the earmarked fund for CARS (NO. CARS-45), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2010), and Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS (NO.2023TD61).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Zhen Yang and Ling Tao wrote the main manuscript text, and Gu Li, Meng Sun, Jianqiang Zhu, Lili Dai, Liang Peng, and Hui Zhang revised it critically.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Handling Editor: Gavin Burnell
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, Z., Sun, M., Peng, L. et al. Reduction of nutrient fluxes across the sediment–water interface and nutrient accumulation in lotus-fish co-culture aquaculture ponds. Aquacult Int (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-024-01536-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-024-01536-x