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Influence of crowding density mediated stress on haematological, biochemical indices and molecular changes of Penaeus vannamei reared in inland saline water (ISW) sourced earthen ponds

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Abstract

Salinization in inland soil is a major impediment to food security and sustainable development goals. For several decades farmers were abandoning their lands, which were deteriorated due to salinization, and forced to take up alternate livelihoods. However, proper scientific and technological interventions came forward in the form of inland saline water (ISW) aquaculture of several euryhaline fish and shellfish species. Among them, ISW-based Penaeus vannamei farming was found to be the most viable and profitable venture for farmers. Although this practice was appropriated with the culture parameters guided for the natural seawater system; over time it become important to determine the optimal stocking density for this novel ISW system and its impact on various physio-metabolic and molecular changes in the cultured shrimp. Given this, the present study was undertaken wherein, post-larvae 8 (PL8) of P. vannamei were experimentally reared in ISW ponds with three different stocking densities viz., n = 30 PL8/m2 (T1); n = 45 PL8/m2 (T2); and n = 60 PL8/m2 (T3), for 75 days followed by evaluation of various parameters related to stress and immune system. The study revealed significant (p < 0.05) increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the highest stocked (T3) group. Further, the T3 group demonstrated lower haemato-biochemical indices viz., haemocyte count, haemocyanin concentration, serum protein, and triglyceride levels. However, the serum glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as stress-related genes viz., heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and SOD genes showed significant (p < 0.05) upregulation in the T3 group as compared to the T1 group. Thus, the present study delineates the negative impact of crowding density on the overall health status of the cultured shrimp and recommends the optimum stocking density for P. vannamei in ISW ponds to be 30 PL8/m2 to obtain a healthy and disease-free crop.

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Data availability

The datasets produced and/or analyzed during the present study can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Director Dr. Ravishankar C. N. ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India, for providing necessary facilities and support for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aquaculture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India

    Adya Pandey & Kishore K. Krishnani

  2. Rohtak Centre, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak, India

    Mujahidkhan A. Pathan, K. Sreedharan & Satya Prakash

  3. PMFGR Centre, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Kochi, India

    S. Arun Sudhagar

  4. Department of Aquaculture, Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

    Prasanta Jana

  5. Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India

    Mujahidkhan A. Pathan

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  1. Adya Pandey
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Contributions

A.P. designed the study, performed experiments, analyzed data, and wrote the original manuscript. M.P. analyzed the data and prepared figures. S.P. and S.K. designed the experiment. P.J. analyzed the data and edited the manuscript. K.K. and A.S. oversaw research design and edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mujahidkhan A. Pathan.

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Pandey, A., Pathan, M.A., Sudhagar, S.A. et al. Influence of crowding density mediated stress on haematological, biochemical indices and molecular changes of Penaeus vannamei reared in inland saline water (ISW) sourced earthen ponds. Aquacult Int (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-024-01466-8

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