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Microsatellite and mtDNA-based exploration of inter-generic hybridization and patterns of genetic diversity in major carps of Punjab, Pakistan

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Abstract

Over the past two decades, there has been a growing alarm about the role of unintended hybridization in shaping the current biodiversity. Major carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, and Cirrhina mrigala) are commercially important freshwater fish for aquaculture and are also found exclusively in the riverine ecosystems of Punjab, Pakistan. One of the main concerns is the genetic integrity of major carps. In this study, we employed both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers to determine the potential hybridization and patterns of genetic variation in major carps. Association tests of both nuclear and mtDNA markers provide evidence of recent hybridization, and patterns of genetic variations were also found consistent with observed pattern of admixture in major carps. In all hybridization events, L. rohita is detected to hybridize with C. catla and C. mrigala, whereas C. catla and C. mrigala are established to hybridize with L. rohita. Overall, two levels of hybridization; F1 hybrids reported in hatchery-reared stocks and few backcrosses individuals in wild populations suggest that anthropogenic or demographic dynamics accelerate inter-generic gene flow. Moreover, the disparity in amplified mtDNA COI subunit shows strong directional bias towards Labeo–Catla first-generation hybrids (100%) containing L. rohita maternal lineage while Labeo-Cirrhina hybrids (75%) exhibit C. mrigala maternal lineage. The results of this study endorse that culture-based fish farming and restocking activities of major carps in riverine ecosystems demand regular genetic monitoring of these species. The current genetic evidence and proclamation of practical information should encourage management and conservation efforts to strictly limit the genetic integrity of these species.

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Data availability

DNA sequences: cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 region of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of major carps’ hybrid individuals, GenBank accession nos. (KY192517, KY192517, KY192521, KY192520, KY192510, KY192509, KY192508, KY192507); (KY228411, KY228410, KY228407, KY228406, KY228405); and (KY228401, KY228393, KY228392, KY228391) identified in L. rohita, C. catla, and C. mrigala populations, respectively. Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 region of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of major carps pure individuals, GenBank accession nos. (MG584637-MG584700) for L. rohita populations; (MG595387-MG595436) for C. catla populations, and (MG599738-MG599788) for C. mrigala populations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors feel grateful to Dr. Khalid Abbas for the technical support.

Funding

This research is funded by the National Research Program for Universities run by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan under project number NRPU-HEC project 20–2074/R&D/11, titled “Molecular markers-assisted monitoring of major carps fishery stocks throughout Punjab for genetic enhancement”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan

    Shakeela Parveen

  2. Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan

    Shakeela Parveen & Khalid Abbas

  3. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tayyab

  4. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Hussain

  5. Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan

    Huma Naz

  6. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, 535011, People’s Republic of China

    Laiba Shafique

Authors
  1. Shakeela Parveen
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  2. Khalid Abbas
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  3. Muhammad Tayyab
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  4. Muhammad Hussain
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  5. Huma Naz
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  6. Laiba Shafique
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Contributions

S. P. and K. A. conceived and designed the research. S.P., M.T., M.H., and H.Z. performed the lab work and K. A. supervised the research. After data collection, S.P., M.T., and M.H. performed the analyses and wrote the manuscript. The other co-authors reviewed the manuscript critically and approved the finalized version to be submitted for publication.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shakeela Parveen or Khalid Abbas.

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Parveen, S., Abbas, K., Tayyab, M. et al. Microsatellite and mtDNA-based exploration of inter-generic hybridization and patterns of genetic diversity in major carps of Punjab, Pakistan. Aquacult Int (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-024-01425-3

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