Abstract
Although ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of small intestine is known to induce lung cell apoptosis, there is little information on intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of apoptosis including the expression of Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), Bid, Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, and activated caspase-3 in the rat lung at various time-points (0–24 h) of reperfusion after 1-h ischemia of small intestine. As assessed by TUNEL, the number of apoptotic epithelial cells, which were subsequently identified as type II alveolar epithelial cells by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical double-staining, increased at 3 h of reperfusion in the lung. However, intravenous injections of anti-TNF-α antibody decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, indicating involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the induction of lung cell apoptosis. Western blotting and/or immunohistochemistry revealed a marked up-regulation of Fas, FasL, Bid, Bax, cytochrome c and activated caspase-3 and down-regulation of Bcl-2 in lung epithelial and stromal cells at 3 h of reperfusion. Our results indicate that I/R of small intestine results in apoptosis of rat alveolar type II cells through a series of events including systemic TNF-α, activation of two apoptotic signaling pathways and mitochondrial translocation of Bid.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (nos. 16406005, 18390060 to T. Koji). We thank Mr. Takashi Suematsu for this excellent EM techniques assistance and Dr. Yorihisa Sumida, Dr. Shuichi Tobinaga, and Prof. Takeshi Nagayasu (Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences) for excellent technical support of assessment of arterial blood gas exchange in this work.
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An, S., Hishikawa, Y., Liu, J. et al. Lung injury after ischemia-reperfusion of small intestine in rats involves apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells mediated by TNF-α and activation of Bid pathway. Apoptosis 12, 1989–2001 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-007-0125-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-007-0125-1