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Alcohol, Sexual Arousal, and Partner Familiarity as Predictors of Condom Negotiation: An Experience Sampling Study

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Abstract

Numerous contextual factors contribute to risky sexual decision-making among men who have sex with men (MSM), with experimental laboratory-based studies suggesting that alcohol consumption, sexual arousal, and partner familiarity have the potential to impact condom negotiations during sexual encounters. The purpose of the current study was to extend this line of inquiry outside of the laboratory and into the everyday lives of MSM. We collected six weeks of daily data on alcohol consumption and sexual behaviors from 257 moderate- and heavy-drinking MSM to examine the within- and between-subjects effects of alcohol consumption, average daily sexual arousal, and partner familiarity on condom negotiation processes during sexual encounters. We hypothesized that alcohol consumption, higher levels of average daily sexual arousal, and greater partner familiarity would all contribute to a reduced likelihood of condom negotiation prior to sexual activity, and that they would also affect the difficulty of negotiations. Contrary to hypotheses, none of these three predictors had significant within-subjects effects on condom negotiation outcomes. However, partner familiarity and average daily sexual arousal did exert significant between-subjects effects on the incidence of negotiation and negotiation difficulty. These findings have important implications for risk-reduction strategies in this population. They also highlight the challenges of reconciling results from experimental laboratory research and experience sampling conducted outside of the laboratory on sexual risk behavior.

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Data Availability

The data collected during this study are available on request from the authors.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

Notes

  1. Two participants provided more than six weeks of survey data. They were both unable to complete one of the ESM bursts, the first due to lack of internet access during international travel and the second due to a broken phone. Both asked if they could re-enroll in the missed burst and we decided to allow them to do so. During analyses, we included all ESM data collected from both participants as a way of respecting the effort they had committed to the study.

  2. We appreciate the comments of one of our reviewers for offering this perspective on these results.

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Funding

This study was funded by grant 5R01 AA022301 (MPI: Maisto, Palfai, Simons) from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    Peter Luehring-Jones & Tibor P. Palfai

  2. Department of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    Daniel Fulford

  3. Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA

    Jeffrey S. Simons

  4. Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Stephen A. Maisto

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  1. Peter Luehring-Jones
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  2. Daniel Fulford
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  3. Tibor P. Palfai
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  4. Jeffrey S. Simons
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  5. Stephen A. Maisto
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Contributions

TPP, JSS, and SAM designed the original study and obtained the funding listed below. DF, PLJ and TPP conceptualized the study described herein. PLJ and JSS performed the data analyses. PLJ drafted the manuscript and all authors contributed to subsequent manuscript revisions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Peter Luehring-Jones.

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Approval for this study was granted by Institutional Review Boards at Boston University and Syracuse University. The study was performed in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

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All research participants provided informed consent prior to enrollment in this study.

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Luehring-Jones, P., Fulford, D., Palfai, T.P. et al. Alcohol, Sexual Arousal, and Partner Familiarity as Predictors of Condom Negotiation: An Experience Sampling Study. AIDS Behav 28, 854–867 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-023-04189-8

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