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Synthesis and Optimization of biosorbent using jabuticaba peel (Myrciaria cauliflora) for anthocyanin recovery through adsorption

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Abstract

This study presents the use of jabuticaba peel to create a biosorbent material for recovering cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a valuable compound in anthocyanin-rich extracts. This approach tackles waste management, promotes a circular economy, and offers a sustainable alternative to traditional methods. The biosorbents were synthesized through a chemical activation using three different solvents: H3PO4, HNO3, and KOH. Sample characterization was conducted through various techniques, providing a thorough and multi-faceted understanding of the material properties. The morphological results showed the development of rich porous structures and increased carbon concentrations after activation, enhancing the adsorption capacity of the synthesized materials derived from jaboticaba peel. The H3PO4-activated biosorbent outperformed commercial adsorbents. Granulometric and concentration studies identified optimal conditions, and colorimetric analysis confirmed effective C3G removal. Kinetic studies indicated an adsorption process reaching equilibrium within 9.0 h. The Avrami model suggested a complex adsorption mechanism and intraparticle diffusion, which revealed a two-step process involving external mass transfer and internal diffusion. Adsorption isotherms at different temperatures fit the Langmuir model, indicating favorable adsorption behavior. The thermodynamic analysis confirmed the viability of jabuticaba peel biosorbents for eco-friendly C3G removal due to spontaneous, endothermic adsorption processes. The reuse study demonstrated that the biosorbent maintained its adsorption capacity up to the fifth cycle. Additionally, the adsorption mechanism of C3G on H3PO4-activated biosorbent was identified, emphasizing cation-π interaction, pore filling, electrostatic attraction, van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, and π-π interactions at pH 2. This revealed a physisorption process with diverse intermolecular forces. This study further supports ecological waste management and the creation of economical biosorbents for anthocyanin recovery, valuable compounds applicable in pharmaceuticals, food, and nutraceutical industries.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Brazilian Science and Research Foundation (CNPq, Brazil) (productivity grants 302451/2021-8 and 402638/2023-9); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil) (Finance code 001); São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) (grant numbers 2018/14582‐5 for M.A.R; 2019/14938-4 for T.F.C.; 2020/16248-5 for T.L.C.T.B.; and 2021/04096-9 for L.E.N.C.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Tiago Linhares Cruz Tabosa Barroso, Luiz Eduardo Nochi Castro & Tânia Forster-Carneiro

  2. Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco (UFAPE), Garanhuns, PE, Brazil

    José Romualdo de Sousa Lima

  3. Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Jandaia Do Sul, PR, Brazil

    Leda Maria Saragiotto Colpini

  4. School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil

    Mauricio Ariel Rostagno

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  1. Tiago Linhares Cruz Tabosa Barroso
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Tiago Linhares Cruz Tabosa Barroso, Luiz Eduardo Nochi Castro, Mauricio Ariel Rostagno, and Tânia Forster-Carneiro; Methodology: Tiago Linhares Cruz Tabosa Barroso and Luiz Eduardo Nochi Castro; Formal analysis and investigation: Tiago Linhares Cruz Tabosa Barroso, Luiz Eduardo Nochi Castro, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, and Leda Maria Saragiotto Colpini; Writing—original draft preparation: Tiago Linhares Cruz Tabosa Barroso, Luiz Eduardo Nochi Castro, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, and Leda Maria Saragiotto Colpini; Writing—review and editing: Mauricio Ariel Rostagno and Tânia Forster-Carneiro; Funding acquisition: Mauricio Ariel Rostagno and Tânia Forster-Carneiro; Resources: Mauricio Ariel Rostagno and Tânia Forster-Carneiro; Supervision: Mauricio Ariel Rostagno and Tânia Forster-Carneiro.

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Correspondence to Mauricio Ariel Rostagno or Tânia Forster-Carneiro.

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Barroso, T.L.C.T., Castro, L.E.N., Lima, J.R.d.S. et al. Synthesis and Optimization of biosorbent using jabuticaba peel (Myrciaria cauliflora) for anthocyanin recovery through adsorption. Adsorption (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-024-00491-6

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