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Prediction Model of Gas Expansion and Electro-Thermal Coupling regarding Lightning Damage to Carbon Fiber Composites

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Abstract

When carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites are struck by lightning, they are subjected to a combination of high-temperature ablation and gas expansion. To accurately predict the lightning damage area, the damage area of carbon fiber under different amounts of Joule heating was obtained through experiments, and a simulation analysis of electro-thermal coupling and gas expansion was performed. The simulation of electro-thermal coupling showed that the damage area of carbon fiber in the simulation accounts for 67% in the experiment at low energy, but there is a large gap between the two at high energy, with the former accounting for only 28.2% of the latter. Combining the effects of Joule heating and gas expansion and introducing the conversion efficiency of the Joule heat to the kinetic energy of gas, a damage prediction model of electrical-thermal–mechanical coupling was finally established. The calculation results of the composite model show that the maximum error between the model and the lightning test at high energy was only 12.5%. It was found that Joule heating has a greater impact on lightning damage at low energy, while gas expansion was the main factor in determining the damage degree of carbon fiber under the condition of high energy.

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Data Availability Statement

The datasets generated during and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgment

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 51707052 )

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People’s Republic of China

    Yu Shi, Bin Du, Qian Liu, Yuxiang Mai & Yushun Zhao

  2. School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, People’s Republic of China

    Jie Gao

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  1. Yu Shi
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Correspondence to Bin Du.

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Shi, Y., Du, B., Liu, Q. et al. Prediction Model of Gas Expansion and Electro-Thermal Coupling regarding Lightning Damage to Carbon Fiber Composites. Appl Compos Mater 28, 1221–1236 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-021-09907-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-021-09907-w

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