Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The role of fluid drag force in the dynamic process of two-phase flow-like landslides

  • Technical Note
  • Published:
Landslides Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

During the landslide mobility process, there is a dynamic interaction between the sliding main body and the different surrounding media. This affects the mobility characteristics of the landslide, particularly the friction force and contact force, which play the significant roles of dissipating and transferring energy in the sliding main body, respectively. In order to analyze the dynamic characteristics of rapid and long-runout landslides, the discrete element method solver of EDEM software and the computational fluid dynamics code of ANSYS-Fluent solver for a two-phase flow-like landslide, combined with flume tests and a field case, were used to research the following points: (1) When the liquid volume fraction is large enough during the mobility process of a two-phase flow-like landslide, the liquid phase provides a certain drag force relative to the solid phase. (2) The drag force was determined from the volume fraction of the liquid, the solid–liquid velocity difference, and the viscosity coefficient of the liquid, which together affect the characteristics of the landslide’s mobility and accumulation. (3) According to the back analysis of the Xianchi Reservoir landslide, fluid drag force plays an important role in the actual landslide mobility process. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the fluid drag force in hazard zoning and the post-failure mobility process analysis of large-scale flow-like landslides.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig.11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

References

  • Choi SK, Park JY, Lee DH (2021) Assessment of barrier location effect on debris flow based on smoothed grain hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation on 3D terrains. Landslides 18:217–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conte E, Pugliese L, Troncone A (2020) Post-failure analysis of the Maierato landslide using the material point method. Eng Geol 277:105788

  • Courant R (1943) Variational methods for the solution of problems of equilibrium and vibrations. B Am Math Soc 49:1–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cruden DM, Gassen WV (1990) Momentum transfer and friction in the debris of rock avalanches: Reply. Can Geotech J 27(5):698–699

  • Drame AS, Wang L, Zhang Y (2021) Granular stack density’s influence on homogeneous fluidization regime: numerical study based on EDEM-CFD coupling. Appl Sci 11(18):8696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisbacher GH (1979) Cliff collapse and rock avalanches (sturzstroms) in the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Can Geotech J 16(2):309–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ergun S (1952) Fluid flow through packed columns. Chem Eng Prog 48:89–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans SG, Hungr O, Clague JJ (2001) Dynamics of the 1984 rock avalanche and associated distal debris flow on Mount Cayley, British Columbia, Canada; implications for landslide hazard assessment on dissected volcanoes. Eng Geol 61(1):29–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao Y, Yin YP, Li B (2019) Post-failure behavior analysis of the Shenzhen “12.20” CDW landfill landslide. Waste Manage 83:171–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ge Y, Zhou T, Tang H (2020) Influence of the impact angle on the mobility and deposition of granular flows. Eng Geol 275:105746

  • Gidaspow D (1994) Multiphase flow and fluidization: continuum and kinetic theory description. Academic Press, San Diego, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Gingold RA, Monaghan JJ (1977) Smoothed grain hydrodynamics: theory and application to non-spherical stars. Mon Not R Astron Soc 181(3):375–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habib P (1975) Production of gaseous pore pressure during rock slides. Rock Mech Rock Eng 7(4):193–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hertz H (1882) Über die berührung fester elastischer Körper. J Reine Angew Math 29:156–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hrennikoff A (1941) Solution of problems of elasticity by the framework method. J Appl Mech 8:169–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hungr O, Evans SG, Bovis MJ (2001a) A review of the classification of landslides of the flow type. Environ Eng Geosci 7(3):221–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hungr O, Leroueil S, Picarelli L (2014) The Varnes classification of landslide types, an update. Landslides 11(2):167–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hungr O, Evans SG, Hutchinson IN (2001b) A review of the classification of landslides of the flow type. Environ Eng Geosci 7(3):221–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson JN (1988) General report: morphological and geotechnical parameters of landslides in relation to geology and hydrogeology: Proc 5th International Symposium on Landslides, Lausanne, 10–15 July 1988 V1, P3–35. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema 26(2):88–0

  • Iverson RM, George DL (2016) Modelling landslide liquefaction, mobility bifurcation and the dynamics of the 2014 Oso disaster. Geotechnique 66(3):1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kent PE (1966) The transport mechanism in catastrophic rock falls. J Geol 74(1):79–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu C, Xu Q, Shi B, Deng S, Zhu H (2017) Mechanical properties and energy conversion of 3D close-packed lattice model for brittle rocks. Comput Geosci 103:12–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mindlin RD, Deresiewicz H (1953) Elastic spheres in contact under varying oblique force. J Appl Mech 20:327–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Man C, Hu C, Dai G (2016) Numerical simulation for non-metallic particles air sorting with EDEM-FLUENT

  • Norouzi HR, Zarghami R, Sotudeh-Gharebagh R et al (2016) Coupled CFD-DEM modeling: formulation, implementation and application to multiphase flows

  • Sassa K, Fukuoka H, Wang G (2004) Undrained dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus and its application to landslide dynamics. Landslides 1(1):7–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sassa K (1988) Special lecture: Geological model for the mobility of landslides. International Symposium on Landslides 5:37–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi G (1992) Discontinuous deformation analysis: a new numerical model for the statics and dynamics of deformable block structures. Eng Comput

  • Shreve RL, Cloos M (1986) Dynamics of sediment subduction, melange formation, and prism accretion. J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 91(B10)

  • Stokes GG (1901) Mathematical and physical papers. Cambridge University Press 416

  • Sulsky D, Chen Z, Schreyer H (1994) A grain method for history-dependent materials. Comput Methods Appl Mech Engng 118(1–2):179–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang C, Rengers N, Van Asch TWJ (2011) Triggering conditions and depositional characteristics of a disastrous debris flow event in Zhouqu city, Gansu Province, northwestern China. Nat Hazard Earth Sys 11(11):2903–2912

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valagussa A, Marc O, Frattini P, Crosta GB (2019) Seismic and geological controls on earthquake-induced landslide size. Earth Planet Sc Lett 506:268–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varnes DJ (1958) Landslide types and processes. Landslides and engineering practice 24:20–47

  • Varnes DJ (1978) Slope mobility types and processes. Special Report 176:11–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Wen CY, Yu YH (1966) Mechanics of fluidization. Chem Eng Prog Symposium Series 62(62):100–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z, Wong LNY (2014) Underground rockfall stability analysis using the numerical manifold method. Adv Eng Softw 76:69–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang LW (2019) Numerical runout modeling analysis of the loess landslide at Yining, Xinjiang. China Water 11(7):1324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin Y, Sun P, Zhang M (2011) Mechanism on apparent dip sliding of oblique inclined bedding rockslide at Jiweishan, Chongqing. China Landslides 8(1):49–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zbib H, Ebrahimi M, Ein-Mozaffari F et al (2018) Comprehensive analysis of fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions in a liquid-solid fluidized bed via CFD-DEM coupling and tomography[J]. Powder Technol 340:116–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao T (2014) Investigation of landslide-induced debris flows by the DEM and CFD. University of Oxford

  • Zhang Y, Wang J, Xu Q (2015) DDA validation of the mobility of earthquake-induced landslides. Eng Geol 194:38–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Tang HM, Xiong CR (2012) Mobility process simulation of high-speed long-distance Jiweishan landslide with PFC~(3D). Chin J Rock Mech Eng 31(S1):2601–2611

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42177172 and 41907257), the Institute of Geo-Mechanics (DZLXJK201901), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China “The Disaster Pattern and Risk Prevention Technology of Large Landslides in the Karst Mountain Area” (2018YFC1504806).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geo-Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Geo-Sciences, CGS, Beijing, China

    Yang Gao & Bin Li

  2. Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, China

    Yang Gao & Bin Li

  3. China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, China

    Yueping Yin

  4. Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China

    Tongyao Wei

  5. Changan University, Shanxi, China

    Zhuang Li & Haoyuan Gao

Authors
  1. Yang Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yueping Yin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bin Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tongyao Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhuang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Haoyuan Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yueping Yin.

Ethics declarations

Ethical statement

I certify that this manuscript is original and has not been published elsewhere while being considered, and that the study has not been split into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time. No data have been fabricated or manipulated (including images) to support our conclusions. No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were our own. The submission has been received explicitly from all co-authors and authors whose names appear on the submission, and all have contributed sufficiently to the scientific work and therefore share collective responsibility and accountability for the results.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gao, Y., Yin, Y., Li, B. et al. The role of fluid drag force in the dynamic process of two-phase flow-like landslides. Landslides 19, 1791–1805 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-022-01858-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-022-01858-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation