Abstract
Evaluation of free-living mammal physiological responses to natural and anthropogenic stressors constitutes a valuable tool for conservation, especially when it comes to wild mammal species living in anthropized environments. However, studies addressing “normal” physiological parameters are still limited in Brazilian wildlife. In this sense, we accessed the hematology and serum biochemistry of South American coatis inhabiting urban forested fragments and observed the influence of intrinsic factors and sampling sites on these variables. We analyzed the hematological and biochemical variables of 103 Southern coatis sampled from March 2018 to April 2019 in a conservation unit and in a residential area. Generalized linear model analysis was performed to access the influence of intrinsic factors (sex, age, the presence of clinical findings, and body condition) and two sampling sites as variables. Mean, median, standard deviation, and range were calculated for the hematological and biochemical values that were or were not influenced by intrinsic factors and studied areas. Age influenced mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelet, creatinine, glucose, and cholesterol; sex influenced hemoglobin (Hb), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), total serum proteins (TSP), cholesterol, and glucose; clinical findings influenced red blood cell counts (RBC), Hb, MCV, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, globulins, and cholesterol; body condition only influenced LDH; sampling site influenced neutrophil, lymphocyte, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, globulins, TSP, and triglycerides. Stress seems to be more accentuated in coatis from the residential area than from the conservation unit, and this may be attributed to their continuous exposure to the presence of humans and domestic animals.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Base Aérea de Campo Grande (BACG) and the Parque Estadual do Prosa staff for their cooperation with the fieldwork and to Wesley Gimenes Arruda Nantes for the edition of the figures. The authors are especially thankful to the Insana Huna Research Group (www.insanahuna.com) for the fieldwork support and to the laboratory LABDOC for the support in the hematological and biochemical analyses.
Funding
This study was funded by the Dom Bosco Catholic University and Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Foundation supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES—Finance Code 001), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Research Development Foundation (FUNDEP), and the INOVA FIOCRUZ. We thank the post doctoral scholarship to GCM (31081634214–4298), NYS (Fundep Rota 2030/Linha V 28256—FINEP/MCTI/EMBRAPA/UFMG/REDE PANTANAL, sub-project 4—CENAP), and FMS (88887.162877/2018–00). Also, HMH received a productivity grant (308768/2017–5).
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GCM, WTGB, and HMH wrote the manuscript. GCM, WTGB, ACR, and WOA collected biological samples. GCM, WTGB, and WOA performed the hematological and biochemical analysis of the collected blood samples. FMS and NYS performed statistical analysis. GCM, GEOP, JGBP, GBA, and HMH critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors contributed to the manuscript and approved the submitted version.
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This work was conducted in accordance with licenses granted by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (No. 49662–7/2018) and by the Environmental Institute of Mato Grosso do Sul (No. 71/404517/2017), a VBA cooperation agreement (No. 01/GAP-CG/2018), and was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Use of Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS (No. 001/2017).
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de Macedo, G.C., Barreto, W.T.G., de Assis, W.O. et al. Hematology and biochemistry of South American coatis Nasua nasua (Carnivora: Procyonidae) inhabiting urban fragments in Midwest Brazil: differences according to intrinsic features and sampling site. Eur J Wildl Res 69, 119 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01753-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01753-4