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Application of Mixtures of Chemical and Biocontrol Agents Against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of Citrus and Pathogen Variability in Local Zone

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An Erratum to this article was published on 13 November 2023

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Abstract

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cause citrus anthracnose, is a major threat to citrus quality and fruit production worldwide. In the present study, different experiments were designed to check the potential of various chemicals and biocontrol agents (BCA) against C. gloeosporioides and characterize pathogen from core citrus growing regions of citrus in Punjab, Pakistan. Identification of different pathogens and phylogenetic relationship of Colletotrichum spp. was also performed to examine the relationship between isolates. The phylogenetic relationship determined across 16 C. gloeosporioides isolates showed five distinct clades, highlighting the importance of genetic variation among isolates. Pathogens were identified on the base of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region. During survey the disease incidence on fruits and leaves were identified and C. gloeosporioides found to be the most prevalent pathogens. Integrated management was done using BCA (Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride) and the synthetic combined fungicide (Cymoxanil+Mancozeb) under field conditions. Results revealed that, T. harzianum with T. viride and Cymoxanil+Mancozeb gave maximum inhibition against C. gloeosporioides and enhance plant performance under field conditions. In conclusion, the BCA (T. harzianum and T. viride) and the Cymoxanil+Mancozeb could be a better strategy to mitigate the heavy loss of citrus fruit due to anthracnose disease.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Department of Horticulture and Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab University Lahore for providing antagonistic fungi and the necessary materials to carry out the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Iqra Naeem, Nazir Javed & Sajid Aleem Khan

  2. Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Mazhar Abbas

  3. Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan

    Mazhar Abbas

Authors
  1. Iqra Naeem
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  2. Nazir Javed
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  3. Sajid Aleem Khan
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  4. Mazhar Abbas
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Contributions

IN performed the experiments, analyzed the data and prepared the original manuscript. NJ and SAK contributed to supervision, editing, conceptualization, analyzing and interpretation of the data. MA performed the statistical analysis. All the authors also contributed to reviewing and editing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iqra Naeem.

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Conflict of interest

I. Naeem, N. Javed, S.A. Khan and M. Abbas declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

The original online version of this article was revised: In this article, the affiliation details for Mazhar Abbas were incorrectly given as follows:

2 Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

3 Department of Horticulture, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan

However, in the article, the affiliation details should have read as follows:

2 Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

3 Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi – 75270, Pakistan

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Naeem, I., Javed, N., Khan, S.A. et al. Application of Mixtures of Chemical and Biocontrol Agents Against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of Citrus and Pathogen Variability in Local Zone. Gesunde Pflanzen 75, 2281–2289 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-023-00926-0

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